Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Celestial Empire. Chinese Empire.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

CENTO. 1955-79. Central Treaty Organization. Based on Baghdad Pact 1955. Turkey, Iran, U.K., Palestine defence.

Cerularius, Michael. c1000-59. Patriarch of Constantinople 1043-58. East-West Schism.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Chardin, Jean. 1699-1779. French painter of still life and domestic scenes. Le Buffet 1728.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles II. 1630-85. King of Great Britain and Ireland. Restored monarchy, 1660.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Cheops. c2600BC. Egyptian pharaoh, largest pyramid.

Chester, Battle. 613. Welsh vs Saxons.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Chinese Civil War. 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion. 1622- Red Hat Rebellion. 1946-9 Communists rebel vs Kuomintang. People’s Republic established.

Chinese Examination System. 124BC-1905. Civil service exams testing knowledge of Confucius.

Christianity. World’s largest religion, based on acts and teachings of Jesus Christ, believed to be Son of God. Emphasises love for all..

Clotho. Youngest Fate. Spinner of thread of life.

Clytemnestra. Wife and murderess of Agamemnon. Killed by her children, Orestes and Electra.

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