Spanish Revolt. 1868-9.Military overthrows Isabella. Prim y Prats.

Speer, Albert. 1905-81. Architect, Nazi war production organizer.

Spencer, Herbert. 1820-1903. English evolutionist philosopher. “Survival of the fittest.” Associationism. Anti-socialism, “Best government is the least government.” The Synthetic Philosophy 1860-96. Liberal Utilitarianism.

Sprengel, Christian. 1750-1816. Plant fertilization.

St-Germain-des-Prés. Paris church. 990-1021 on the site of 542 monastery by Childebert.

Stein, Gertrude. 1874-1946. US avante-garde writer. Autobiography of Alice B Toklas 1933. Coined “Lost Generation”.

Stephen, St. 969-1038. First king of Hungary 1000-. Converted to Christianity.

Stevenson, Robert Louis. 1850-94. Scottish adventure novelist. Treasure Island 1882. Jekyll and Hyde 1886. Kidnapped 1886.

Stonehenge. c18-14C BC. English megalithic monument with astronomical properties, religious purpose.

Sullivan, Arthur. 1842-1900. British composer. Operetta form. Mikado 1885. HMS Pinafore 1878. Onward Christian Soldiers. Gilbert.

Sunday School. 1580 Milan. 1780 England. 1786 Virginia. Raikes.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

T’ang. 618-907. Chinese dynasty. Golden Age. Overthrown by provincial warlords.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Teapot Dome Scandal. 1922. Exclusive oil rights granted by Fall for personal “loans”. Discredited Harding administration.

Tejada Law. 1856. Mexico confiscates church property, French buy land.

Tertullian. c160-220. Carthaginian theologian. Influenced Christianity. Became Montanist. Founded Tertullianism.

Thaïs. 4C BC. Athenian mistress of Alexander the Great.

Thebes. 1500-335BC Boeotian Greek city razed by Alexander the Great. Oedipus.

Thompson, Robert Wm. 1845 First pneumatic tires.

Titans. 12 giant children of Uranus and Gaea. Overthrown by Zeus, other gods.

Tithes. 10% tax paid to church. Implemented by Christians, 4C-9C. Enforced by law 8C; 10C England. Abolished: 1789 France, 1887 Italy, 1871 Ireland. 1836 England converted to rent and reduced; abolished 1936.

Toussaint L’Ouverture, Francois. c1743-1803. Haitian rebel. Helped French expel Britain, Spain. Emancipated slaves. Established black governed French protectorate.

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