Ghiberti, Lorenzo. c1378-1455. Florentine naturalistic sculptor and architect. John the Baptist 1414. Florence Baptistery doors 1425-50.

Giacometti, Alberto. 1901-66. Swiss sculptor. Stretched figures.

Gilbert, Cass. 1859-1934. US architect: Woolworth Building 1908-13.

Gilbert, Humphrey. c1539-83. Claimed Newfoundland for England, 1583.

Gilbert, William. 1540-1603. English scientist. Earth’s magnetic field, 1600. Coined term ’electricity’.

Gilbert, William. 1834-1911. Librettist with Sullivan. Pirates of Penzance 1879. Mikado 1885.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Goddard, Robert. 1882-1945. US “father of modern rocketry”.

Gödel, Kurt. 1906-78. Czech/US logician. Theorem, 1931, asserts that no logical system can prove all its own propositions.

Gotham. English villagers, to avoid expense of entertaining King John, pretended to be fools.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Graves, Robert. 1895-1985. English poet and novelist. I, Claudius 1934.

Great Society. 1965-9. US program of social reforms. War on poverty.

Greene, Robert. c1558-92. English dramatist. Friar Bacon and Friar Burgay c1591.

Guesclin, Bertrand du. c1320-80. French military leader, 100 Years’ War. Expelled English from France.

Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Gustav IV. Adolf. 1778-1837. Swedish king 1792-1809. Lost Finland. Overthrown.

Hair Powder Tax. 1795-1869. Britain.

Haiti. Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 16-18C Slaves brought. 1697 Spain cedes to France 1804 Independent. 1915-34 US occupies. 1957-86 Duvalier dictators. 1994 US overthrow of military regime. 1972-2002 US returns refugee boat-people.

Hanover, Treaty. 1725. England, France, Prussia oppose Vienna Treaty.

Harley, Robert. 1661-1724. British Tory Secretary of State 1704-8. Head of Tory ministry 1710-14.

Hébert, Jacques. 1757-94. French revolutionary extremist. Led Sansculottes. Cult of Reason.

Heemskerk, Maerten van. 1498-1574. Dutch Mannerist painter.

Heisenberg, Werner. 1901-76. German quantum physicist: Uncertainty Principle 1927.

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