Lebanese Crisis. 1958. US Marines intervene in Civil War vs Communists.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

Lee, Robert E. 1807-70. Brilliant Confederate general. Captured John Brown. Surrender at Appomatox ended Civil War.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

March on Washington. 1963. 200,000 in civil rights march led by King-“I have a dream”.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Maya. 3-17C Yucatan civilization.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Miguel, Dom. 1802-66. Pretender to Portuguese throne 1828- causes Civil War 1831-4.

Minoans. 3000-1100BC. Cretan civilization. Maritime power. Minos.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Mycenaeans. c1600-c1100BC. Greek civilization. Time of Homer’s epics. Late Bronze Age. Ended with Dorian invasion.

NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1909-. For US black civil rights. Niagara Movement. Du Bois.

Niagara Movement. 1905-10. US black civil rights movement. NAACP.

Northern Ireland. Ireland. 17C Protestants settle. 1801 United Kingdom. 1920 Ireland divided. 1922 Civil War. 1922 Direct rule. IRA.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Obregón, Alvaro. 1880-1928. Reforming Mexican President 1920-24. Peace after civil war.

Olmecs. c1150-800BC. Mexican Gulf coast civilization.

Osiris. Vegetation god who introduced civilization to Egypt. God of underworld.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

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