Wordsworth, William. 1770-1850. English Romantic lyric ballad Lake Poet. “Nature’s Priest”.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wyat, Thomas. 1503-42. English poet. Introduced Italian sonnet form to English.

Wycherley, William. 1640-1716. English satirical Restoration dramatist: Country Wife 1675. Plain Dealer 1676.

Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Yamasee War. 1715-16. American natives revolt vs English settlers. Dispersed.

Yeoman. English class between labourers and gentry.

Yonge, Charlotte. 1823-1901. English Victorian novelist: Heir of Radclyffe 1853. Daisy Chain 1856. Oxford Movement.

Young, Edward. 1683-1765. English poet, playwright. Complaint 1742-5.

Young, Thomas. 1773-1829. English physicist. Wave interference of light 1801.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.

Alabama Claims. 1872. US claim damages caused by British built warships in Civil War. $15M=£3.25M awarded by arbitration.

Ali. 4th Caliph, 656-661. Son-in-law of Muhammad. Succession led to Sunni/Shi’ite split. Moslem Civil War.

American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU. 1920-. US legal action group supporting civil rights.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

Amorites. 1900-1600BC. Babylonian civilization conquered Sumerians. Hammurabi.

Aryans. 2000BC. Nomads from Steppes spread to India. Founded Indus Civilization, 3240-2750BC. Hyksos Empire in Syria, 1720-1550BC. Introduced horse chariots. Basis for all Indo-European languages.

Barton, Clara. 1821-1912. US Civil War nurse. Founded US Red Cross 1881.

Beirut. 20C BC Phoenicia. 15BC Rome. 635 Moslem. 1110 Crusaders. 1187 Saladin. 1516 Ottoman. 1291 Mameluk. 1920 Capital of Lebanon. 1975-90 Lebanese Civil War.

Brady, Matthew. c1823-96. US Civil War photographer.

Britain, Battle of. 1940-1. German blitz air raids on British civilian centers. RAF defeats Luftwaffe, averting invasion.

Buchanan, James. 1791-1868. US President 1857-61. Compromise policy failed to avert civil war.

Burckhardt, Jacob. 1818-97. Swiss cultural historian. Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860.

Camel, Battle of the. 656. Basra. Ali victory in first Moslem Civil War.

Castro, Fidel. 1926-. Cuban lawyer. Cuban Revolution. Dictator 1959-.

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