Stuart, Arabella. 1575-1615. Pretender to English throne. Died in Tower.

Stuart, Henry. 1725-1807. Last Stuart claimant to English throne. Left family jewels to George IV.

Suckling, John. 1609-42. English poet, lyricist. Invented cribbage.

Swinburne, Algernon. 1837-1909. English poet. Song of Italy.

Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-89. English doctor. Popularized quinine vs malaria, iron for anemia. Described scarlet fever.

Tangier. 15C BC Phoenicia. Carthage. Rome = Tingis. 429 Vandal. 541 Byzantine. 621 Visigoth. c682 Moslem. 1471-17C Spain, Portugal dispute. 1661 English. 1684 Morocco. 1923 International neutral port. 1940-45 Spanish occupy. 1956 Morocco.

Taylor, Brook. 1685-1731. English mathematician. Theorem of Differential Calculus 1715.

Temple, William. 1628-99. English diplomat. Arranged Triple Alliance, marriage of William and Mary.

Tennis. 12C French game. 1870 English invent lawn tennis. 1877 First Wimbledon.

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. 1809-92. English poet laureate. Charge of the Light Brigade 1855. Enoch Arden 1864. Crossing the Bar.

Test Act. 1673-1828. Banned Catholics and Non-conformists from English public office. 1567-1889 Scotland.

Tewkesbury, Battle. 1471. Yorkists regain English throne for 12 years.

Thackeray, William. 1811-1863. English novelist. Vanity Fair 1849. Sentimental and cynical moralist.

Theodore, St. c602-90. Archbishop of Canterbury; organized English church.

Thistlewood, Arthur. 1774-1820. English failed Cato St Conspiracy.

Thomas, Sydney. 1850-85. English metallurgist.

Thomson, Joseph. 1856-1940. English discoverer that cathode rays are electrons 1897.

Tippett, Michael. 1905-98. English experimental composer.

Tolkien, JRR. 1892-1973. English philologist, fantasy novelist. Lord of the Rings 1954.

Tolls. 1109, Elbe River. 1264, English roads.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Tostig. -1066. Brother of English Harold II. Aided William the Conqueror and Norway’s Harold III invasions of England.

Townshend Act. 1767-70. Reasserted English authority in American colonies. Import duties.

Toynbee, Arnold. 1852-83. English economist, social reformer on behalf of the working class. The Industrial Revolution 1884.

Toynbee, Arnold J. 1889-75. English historian on the cyclicality of civilizations. Study of History 1934-61.

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