Oxford University. 1115. Celebrated center of English learning. Charter 1214. Modelled on University of Paris.

Paine, Thomas. 1737-1809. English/US/French political writer for democracy. Common Sense 1776, Rights of Man 1791, Age of Reason 1794.

Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Palmerston, Lord. 1784-1865. English Whig Prime Minister 1855~65. Secretary of War 1809-28. Foreign Secretary 1830~51. Crimean War. American Civil War.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Paris, Matthew. -1259. English monk, historian. Chronica Majora. Historia Anglorum.

Parry, Hubert. 1848-1918. Led English music revival.

Parry, William. 1790-1855. English arctic explorer. Failed to find NW Passage.

Parsons, Charles. 1854-1931. English inventor of multi-stage steam turbine, 1884.

Pater, Walter. 1839-94. English critic devoted to ideal. Studies in History of Renaissance. Marcus the Epicurean.

Paxton, Joseph. 1801-65. English architect. Crystal Palace 1851.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Penal Laws. 16C-1829. English persecution of Catholics.

Penn, William. 1644-1718. English Quaker. Founded Pennsylvania 1681.

Pepys, Samuel. 1633-1703. English diarist of 1660-9.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Pinter, Harold. 1930-. English playwright. Birthday Party 1958. Caretaker 1960.

Pitmann, Isaac. 1813-97. English shorthand inventor 1837.

Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

Pitt, William, the Younger. 1759-1806. English foe of Napoleon. Tory Prime Minister 1783~. Laissez-faire. Repressive measures 1793-1800.

Plantagenet. 1154-1485. English dynasty. Lancaster, York. Angevins. Geoffrey.

Plimsoll, Samuel. 1824-98. English reformer. Defined ship loading mark.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

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