Alembert, Jean Le Rand d’. 1717-83. French philosopher and mathematician, Encyclopaedist.

Britannica, Encyclopedia. 1768. 1910 moved to US.

Chambers, Ephraim. c1680-1740. First English Cyclopaedia 1728, used by French Encyclopedists.

Diderot, Denis. 1713-84. French writer, editor of Encyclopédie 1745-72 based on Chambers’. Rameau’s nephew.

Encyclopédists. 1751-72. Group who wrote encyclopaedia under Diderot. Voltaire, Helvetius, D’Alembert. As sceptics, they popularized social ideas which led to the French Revolution.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Isidore of Seville, St. 560-636. Spanish bishop, encyclopedist. Etymologiae. De Natura Rerum.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

Vincent of Beauvais. c1190-1264. French Dominican priest. Wrote encyclopedic Speculum majus 1259.