Yarmuk River, Battle. 636. Arabs defeat Byzantines, dominate Syria.

Yemen. ~10CBC Minaean, Saba’, Qataban, Himyarite Kingdoms. 1C Jews settle. 4C Christians settle. 525 Abyssinia. 575 Persia. 7C Moslem. 9C ’Alid Zaydi dynasty. 1173 Ayyubid. c1229 Rasulid. 1517 Ottoman. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). 1990 Merged with c100BC Himyarite. 1229 Rasulis. 1635 Zaydi. 1735 Divided South: 1802 British protection. 1839 British East India Company. 1937 Aden British Protectorate. 1963 Federation of South Arabia. 1967 People’s Republic of Yemen. 1735 North: 1872 Ottoman. 1920 Tribal. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic 1990 merged=Yemen.

Ypsilanti, Alexander. 1792-1828. Greek. Led unsuccessful revolt vs Ottomans 1821.

Yüan. 1279-1368. Chinese Mongol dynasty founded by Kublai Khan. Grand Canal. Postal system. Marco Polo.

Zadar. Dalmatia. 9C BC Liburnian colony. 1C BC Rome...Byzantine. 1409 Venice. 1797 Austria. 1808 France, «Illyrian Kingdom. 1813 Austria. 1918 Italy. 1944 Yugoslavia.

Zenta, Battle. 1697. Austria defeats Turks, becomes greatest power in Europe.

Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

Ziyadids. 819-1018. Moslem dynasty in south Arabia.

Zoë. 978-1050. Byzantine Empress 1028-. Married and murdered Romanus III. Crowned lover Michael IV and son Michael V. Married Constantine IX.

Zululand. c1800 Mtetwa Empire. 1843 British. 1897 Natal. Boer War.

Aaron. c14C BC. Old Testament. Brother of Moses. Later his rival.

Abélard, Pierre. 1079-c1144. French Conceptualist theologian of Notre-Dame. Advocated discussion vs dogma. Famed love of Héloïse. Accused of heresy 1121. Letters to Heloise 1103. Sic et Non 1132. Theologia.

Abjuration, Act. 1581. Dutch declaration of independence from Spain. Republic 1588.

Abraham. c2000BC. Old Testament father of Jewish, Arab peoples. Sarah. Hagar.Ishmael.

Acropolis. Elevated portion of Greek cities for protection and worship. Athens 2000BC.

Acts of the Apostles. c70-90. Luke’s history of early Christian church.

Adad. Babylonian, Assyrian weather god.

Adelard of Bath. 1090-c1150. English mathematician/translator introduced Arabic numerals.

Aditi. Hindu goddess, mother of Krsna and Vishnu.

Adonis. Beautiful youth, beloved of Aphrodite and Persephone, worshipped by the Phoenicians.

Adventists. US religious sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ.

Aeëtes. Greek. Medea’s father. Guardian of Golden Fleece.

Aegeus. King of Athens. Theseus’ father. Suicide.

Aegospotami. 405BC. Naval battle, ends Peloponnesian War. Victory of Lysander vs Athens.

Aelfric. c955-1010. Anglo-Saxon writer. Love of the Saints.

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