Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Sturm und Drang. 1760-80. German anti-enlightenment literary movement. Goethe. Klinger.

Suárez, Francisco. 1548-1617. Spanish Scholastic philosopher, Jesuit theologian. Wrote against divine right of kings.

Suetonius. c69-122. Roman biographer. Lives of the Caesars.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Suffolk, Duke of. -1554. Father, supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed for Wyat Rebellion.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sully, Maurice de. 1120-96. Bishop; built Notre-Dame Cathedral, 1159-.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Surrealism. 1920-. Artistic and literary movement dealing with the expression of the subconscious mind, fantasy, dreams. Klee, Dali, de Chirico, Chagall.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Swabian League, Great. 1488-1534. 22 cities, nobles and local leagues in southern Germany form protective alliance.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Tallien, Jean. 1767-1820. French Jacobin. Led Rebellion of 9 Thermidor.

Tamils. Dravidian people settled northern Sri Lanka, southern India 200BC.

Tannenberg, Battle. 1410. Victory of Poles and Lithuanians ends Teutonic Knights’ expansion. 1914. Germans rout 2 Russian armies, crippling them for rest of WWI.

Tannhäuser. c1200-70. German legendary knight, poet who lived in the court of Venus.

Tarquinius Superbus. Cruel last king of Rome 534-510BC. Tarquinius Sextus’ father.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tay Son Rebellion. 1771-88. Vietnam. Tay Son brothers take power. 1788-93. Defeat invading Chinese. Social reforms.

Taylor, Brook. 1685-1731. English mathematician. Theorem of Differential Calculus 1715.

Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

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