Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

Sikkim. c1640 Independent kingdom. 1780 Nepal invades. 1814 Independent. 1861 British protectorate. 1947 Indian suzerainty. 1975 Indian state.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

St John, Henry. 1678-1751. British statesman, writer.

Stair, First earl. 1648-1707. Scottish under-secretary of state to William III. Approved Glencoe Massacre.

Stanley, Henry. 1841-1904. British/US explorer in Africa 1868-95. Found Livingstone 1871. Founded Congo Free State.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

States’ Rights. US political doctrine. Restricts federal power.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Stephen II. Pope 752-57. First to rule Papal states.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Stresemann, Gustav. 1878-1929. German statesman. Gained entry to League of Nations.

Succession States. 1918. Former Austria-Hungary territories: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary.

Summit Conferences. Cold War phenomenon involving meetings of heads of state. Geneva Conference.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Tennis Court Oath. 1789. French Third Estate vows to obtain constitution. Declaration of authority of National Assembly.

Texas. 16C Spanish explore. 1685 French settle. 1716 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexico. 1836 Independent republic. Alamo. 1845 US state. Mexican War. 1860-69 Confederacy.

Thant, U. 1909-74. Burmese statesman. UN Secretary General. 1962-71. Cuban Missile Crisis. Congo. Cyprus. Six Day War.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Tigranes I. the Great. c104-55BC. King c95-. Armenia becomes strongest Eastern Roman state.

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