Nansen, Fridtjof. 1861-1930. Norwegian arctic explorer/statesman. Drifted in ship “Fram” 1895-6. Advocated independence from Sweden.

National Assembly. 1789-91. French legislature of Third Estate. 1946-. Lower house of French parliament. Rights of Man. Legislative Assembly.

National Socialism. Nazism. 1919-45. German master-race nationalist Fascist movement. Anti- semitic. Individual surrenders to State will. Hitler. Drexler.

Nationalism. 17-20C. Sociopolitical movement stressing individual’s loyalty to his state. 19C Led to Imperialism. 20C Fascism and Nazism.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Negeri Sembilan. 14C Sumatrans settle. 1773 Confederation of 9 states. 1889 British protectorate. 1895 «Federation of Malay States...1948 Malayan Federation.

New Orleans, Battle. 1815 Andrew Jackson, unaware, devastates British 2 weeks after War of 1812 ends.

Nirvana. Hindu and Buddhist final state of freedom.

Nonconformists. Those who do not subscribe to a state religion. Act of Uniformity.

Notables, Assembly. French deputies of states appointed by king.

Nullification. US states’ rights to remedy federal abuse of power locally. Calhoun.

Numa Pompilius. c715-673BC. Second king of Rome. Organized the ceremony of state.

OAS. Organization of American States. 1948. Western Hemisphere organization for peace, security, and economic cooperation. Cuba expelled 1962.

OCAS. Organization of Central American States. 1951-. For regional and economic unity. CACM.

Okubo, Toshimichi. 1830-78. Japanese statesman. Meiji Restoration. Westernized Japan.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van. 1547-1619. Dutch statesman vs Spanish occupation. Negotiated Treaty of Utrecht.

Oleg. -c912. Varangian prince of Kiev, founded Rus state.

Orange Free State. 1820 Boer colony. 1848 British. 1854 Independent. 1900 British. 1910 Union of South Africa. Boer War.

Orléans, Louis Philippe, duc d’. 1747-93. Became Citizen Égalité 1892. Joined Third Estate. Father of King Louis-Philippe.

Palestine Liberation Organization. PLO. 1964. To reclaim land from Israel. 1988 Proclaimed Palestinian State. 1993 Israel-PLO Accord, mutual recognition. Palestinian Authority. Arafat. Terrorism. Munich Olympics.

Pan-American Conferences. 1826- US, South American states. Pan-American Union, OAS.

Paramountcy, Doctrine of. 19C. British East India Company claims right to intervene if any state is misgoverned.

Persian Wars. 490-479BC. Greek city-states repel Persian invasion.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

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