Abd ar-Rahman I. 731-788. Umayyad emir of Cordoba, 755-. Repelled Charlemagne.

Abd el-Kader. 1808-83. Arab emir who fought French 1840-46; founded Algerian state.

Emir. Moslem commander or governor.

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir. 1858-1943. Russian author/director. Founded Moscow Art Theater with Stanislavsky.

Semiramis. Assyrian queen, goddess. Founded Babylon.

Shere Ali. 1825-79. Emir of Afghanistan. Defeated in Second Afghan War.

Transjordan. 1921-46 Emirate. 1946-49 Kingdom = Jordan.

Trucial States. 1820-1971. 7 Arab emirates under British protectorate, renewed truces annually. United Arab Emirates.

United Arab Emirates. 1820 = Trucial States. 1892 British protectorate. 1971 Independent federation.