Defender of the Faith. 1521. Title conferred by Pope Leo X on Henry VIII. Withdrawn after Act of Supremacy. Reconfirmed by Parliament, 1544 for all succeeding monarchs.

Deposition Bull. 1535 Henry VIII excommunicated. 1570 Elizabeth I excommunicated.

Dissolution of Monasteries. 1536, small; 1539, large. Henry VIII siezes wealth of church.

Dundee, Viscount “Bonnie”. c1649-89. Killed leading revolt vs William of Orange for James II.

Edmund, St. c1175-1240. Archbishop of Canterbury, 1233-. Won reforms from Henry III.

Edmund II Ironside. c993-1016. English King 1016. Defeated by Canute 1016, kept Wessex.

Éloi, St. c588-660. Treasurer to Clotaire II and Dagobert. Goldsmith.

Empire. First. France under Napoleon I 1804-14. 2nd. Napoleon III, 1852-70.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Favre, Jules. 1809-80. French statesman. Opposed Napoleon III.

Ferdinand III. 1199-1252. King of Castile and Leon. Pushed Moors from most of Spain.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Fitzgerald, Thomas. 1513-37. Irish. Led rebellion vs Henry VIII 1534-5.

Fouché, Joseph. 1758-1820. French Revolutionary. Minister of Police 1779~1815. Secret police. Intrigued vs Robespierre 1794, Napoleon 1799,1807; Louis XVIII 1814.

Frederick III. 1609-70. King of Norway and Denmark, 1648-. Lost much of territory to Sweden.

George III. 1738-1820. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-. Supported King’s Friends. Political instability. American Revolution. Insane 1810-.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Granicus, Battle. 334BC. Alexander’s First victory; defeats Darius III of Persia.

Great Intercourse. 1495. Henry VIII, Philip of Burgundy trade treaty.

Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Gregory XIII. 1502-85. Pope 1572-. Gregorian calendar.

Guise, Henri, duc de. 1550-88. Partipated in St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Founded Catholic League 1576. Led revolt against Henry III. Murdered.

Harald III. Norwegian king 1047-66. Killed invading England.

Henry III. 1202-72. English king, 1216-. Provisions of Oxford 1258. Montfort.

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