Vaucreuil, Cavagnal, Marquis de. 1698-1765. Governor of New France. Surrendered to Britain 1760. Seven Years War.

Vendôme Column. Paris. 1805. Has had statues of Napoleon as Caesar, Henry IV, a Fleur-de-lys, Napoleon in uniform, and now a copy of the original.

Venezuelan Claims. 1902-7. European countries blockade ports to press for loan repayment.

Verner, Karl. 1846-96. Danish philologist of Indo-European languages. Phonetics 1875.

Vespasian. 9-79. Roman Emperor, 69-. Began Colosseum 72. Fiscal reform, stability.

Vesuvius, Mt. 79 Eruption destroys Pompeii, Herculaneum.

Vienna, Congress. 1814-15. Redrew map of Europe after Napoleon. Prussia gains Rhine, Westphalia. Swiss borders and neutrality confirmed. Netherlands created from Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg. Malta and Cape Colony ceded to Britain. Russia gets Poland. Austria trades Netherlands for north Italy. France reduced to 1792 borders. Metternich.

Viet Cong. 1954-75. Communist guerillas seeking to reunify Vietnam.

Vikings. Scandinavians who raided Europe 530-12C. Discovered Greenland, 982, North America, 10C. Norsemen. Varangians.

Villein. Feudal serf bound to land. Performs services for lord in exchange for protection and land use.

Villeneuve, Pierre. 1763-1806. French admiral defeated at Trafalgar.

Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène. 1814-79. French Gothic Revival architect. Restored Notre-Dame 1841-54, Vincennes. Ste-Chapelle.

Walpole, Horace. 1717-97. English writer, connoisseur. First Gothic Romance. Castle of Otranto 1765.

Walter, John. 1739-1812. English entrepreuner. Founded Times 1785. Jailed for libel.

Warring States. 481-221BC. Chinese period of many small feuding kingdoms.

Warsaw Pact. 1955-91. USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, E Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania. Treaty for the combined defence of Eastern Europe under Soviet supreme command.

Wessex. 495- Anglo-Saxon kingdom in south England. 829 +Mercia. 927 Conquered Danes to rule England. Ethelred. Alfred. Athelstan.

Western European Union. 1948. Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg. 1954 +Italy, Germany. 50 year treaty. NATO. European Defense Community.

Westminster, Treaties. 1654 Ends Dutch War. Dutch pay England. 1662 England, Brandenberg most-favoured nation status. 1674 Dutch American colonies to Britain. 1756 Prussia, British neutrality.

White Australia Policy. 1901-72. Anti-non-European immigration policies.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

Winterhalter, Franz-Xaver. 1805-73. German royal portrait painter. Empress Eugénie 1854.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union. 1874. US movement vs alcoholic drink.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. 1869-1959. US “organic” architect. Introduced glass and steel forms. Guggenhem Museum 1943-59. Taliesin West 1938.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

6 more results ...