Montreux Convention. 1936. Abolished 1923 Straits Convention. Straits Question.

Morocco. c2000BC Berbers. c12C BC Phoenecians settle. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 533 Byzantine. 682 Moslem. 739 Berber revolt. 788 Idrisid dynasty. 1061 Almoravid. 1147 Almohad. 1269 Marinids. 1550 Saadis. 1666 Alawis. 1668 Berber. 18C French influence. 1912 Spanish(N)/French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Ceuta. Melilla.

Morpheus. Greek god of dreams about people.

Morris, Gouverneur. 1752-1816. US statesman. Wrote final version of Constitution. Planned coinage.

Morris Dance. English ritual folk dance of ancient Indo-European origins.

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.

Mugwumps. 1884. US Republican reform faction. In England, politically neutral voters.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Nanteuil, Robert. 1623-78. French painter, engraver.

Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Naturalism. 19C Style of landscape painting which captures nature. Turner. Constable. Boudin.

Neo-Impressionism. 19C. Application of optical discoveries by Seurat and Signac. Pointilism.

Neuilly, Treaty. 1919. Bulgaria and Allies. Bulgaria cedes land and pays WWI reparations, loses outlet to Mediterranean.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Neumann, John von. 1903-57. Hungarian/US mathematician. Computer theory; serial process. Assisted H-bomb development. Minimax theorem 1928.Theory of Games 1944.

Neustria. Western of 4 Merovingian kingdoms. Austrasia.

Neuve-Chapelle, Battle. 1915. Failed WWI artillery attack by British on Western Front.

Nguyen van Thieu. 1923-. South Vietnam president 1967-75.

Nicholas of Flue, St. 1417-87. Model of compromise, reunited Swiss, 1481.

Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Nobile, Umberto. 1885-1978. Italian general, flew over South Pole in a dirigible, 1926, with Amundsen, Ellsworth.

Norman Conquest. 1066. Brought Norman laws, customs, feudal system to England. Hastings.

Odysseus. Hero of Odyssey. Conquered Troy. =Ulysses.

Odyssey. 8C BC. Homer’s epic poem of Odysseus.

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