Ixion. Father of Centaurs. Bound to fiery wheel by Zeus.

Jacquemart de Hesdin. Court painter: Grandes Heures du Duc de Berry 1409.

Jagirdar System. 13C-. Indian feudal system granting tax revenues to officials.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jean de Meung. 1240-1305. French poet. Roman de la Rose 1280.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Joei Shikimoku. 1232. Established Japanese Shogunate feudal system.

John II. The Perfect. 1455-95. King of Portugal 1481-. Sponsored Diaz.

Jones, Ernest. 1897-1958. Welsh psychoanalyst. Life and Works of Freud 1953-7.

Jongleurs. French medieval wandering entertainers.

Jordan. 13C BC Hebrew(W). 6C BC Nabataean(E). 4C Seleucid(N)/Ptolemy(S). 63BC Rome. 637 Moslem. 1918 British mandate, Hashimite kingdom. 1946 Independent Transjordan. 1949 = Jordan.

Josiah. c640-609BC. King of Judah. Deuteronomy found in Temple. Religious reforms.

Jourdan, Jean. 1762-1833. French Revolutionary marshal. Introduced conscription 1798. Victor at Fleurus.

Jupiter. (Jove). Roman chief god. = Zeus.

Karageorge, George. 1762-1817. Serbian. Led revolt vs Turks, 1804. Murdered by Milos, starting 100 year feud.

Kido Koin. 1833-77. Japanese statesman. Overthrew Shogunate 1868. Ended feudalism.

Kosciusko, Tadeusz. 1746-1817. Polish. Led Rebellion 1794-7 vs occupiers. 3rd Partition of Poland. American Revolution war officer.

Kreuger, Ivar. 1880-1932. Swede. Failed attempt at world match monopoly.

Labiche, Eugène. 1815-88. French writer of plays and vaudevilles. La Clef des Champs 1838.

Laënnec, René. 1781-1826. French. Invented stethoscope 1819.

Laertes. King of Ithaca. Odysseus’ father.

Latvia. 9C Varangian. 1158 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Poland(S). 1629 Sweden(N). 1721 Russian(N)...1795 Russian(all). 1918 Independent republic. 1934 Ulmanis dictator. 1940 USSR. 1941-45 German occupation. 1991 Independent.

Leeuwenhoek, Antony van. 1632-1723. Dutch. First to describe bacteria 1680, protozoa, corpuscles, spermatazoa 1675.

Legion of Honour. French national order instituted by Napoleon, 1802. Five ranks: Grands Croix, Grands Officiers, Commandeurs, Officiers, Chevaliers.

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