Louis XII. Father of the People. 1462-1515. French King 1498-. Italian Wars.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Maori Wars. 1843-7. 1863-4. 1869-70. NZ settlers displace native Maori.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Mithradatic Wars. 88~63BC. Mithradates defeated. Romans annex Pontus.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Mornay, Philippe de. 1549-1623. French Huguenot leader in Wars of Religion, 1562-98. Reconciled Henry III, Henry of Navarre.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Mysore Wars. 1767~99 Moslems vs British in India.

Nanking Peace. 1842. Opium War. Britain gains Hong Kong. Trade opened.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Napoleonic Wars. 1803-15. France conquers most of Europe until Waterloo. Paris Treaty. Wars of Coalition.

Nepal. Newars, Mongolians. 1769 Gurkhas unite. 1845 Rana dynasty.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Opium Wars. 1839-42 Hong Kong ceded to Britain. 1856-60. French, British force China to open trade, legalize opium. Demonstrated European weapon superiority. Nanking Treaty.

Orléans, Philippe II, duc d’. 1674-1723. French soldier Wars of Grand Alliance, Spanish Succession. Regent for Louis XV.

Osceola. c1804-38. Seminole leader. Arrested at truce talks.

Paix des Dames. Cambrai Treaty. 1529. Francis I’s mother and Charles V’s aunt negotiate halt to Italian Wars.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Paris. Son of Priam. Carried Helen back to Troy, starting the Trojan Wars. Shot Achilles. Judged first beauty contest.

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