United Provinces. 1581-1795. Dutch unite vs Spain. Netherlands.

Van Gogh, Vincent. 1853-90. Dutch expressionist painter. Passionate intensity revealed in colors. Sunflowers. Potato Eaters 1885. Starry Night 1889. Wheat Fields. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear 1889.

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Vermeer, Jan. 1632-75. Dutch painter, portraying domestic interiors. Procuress 1656. Soldier and Laughing Girl. Letter 1660.

Vries, Hugo de. 1848-1935. Dutch botanist. Heredity and mutation. Mutation Theory 1910.

Westminster, Treaties. 1654 Ends Dutch War. Dutch pay England. 1662 England, Brandenberg most-favoured nation status. 1674 Dutch American colonies to Britain. 1756 Prussia, British neutrality.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

William I. The Silent. 1533-84. Prince of Orange. Dutch leader of Protestant revolt against Philip II of Spain. Founded dynasty to today. Netherlands.

Witt, Johan de. 1625-72. Dutch statesman. Rebuilt navy. Led Dutch Wars. Triple Alliance 1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Killed by Orangist mob.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Acid Rain. 1940-. Rain and fog of pH<5.5 caused by industrial air pollution. Prevalent in North America, Eastern Europe.

Arcadius. 377-408. First Roman Emperor of East, 395-.

Aroostook War. 1838-9. US-Canadian border dispute in East.

Athos, Mt. 963-. Greek theocracy, site of Orthodox monasteries.

Austrasia. 511-751. East Frankish kingdom. Part of Merovingian Empire. 7C Mayors of Palace held power. Carolingian Empire. Clovis. Neustria.

Balkans. Inhabited c6000BC. 6C BC Illyria. 148BC Rome(Illyricum)(N). 285 Byzantine(E). 4-7C Goths, Avars, Huns, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Serbs invade. 890 Bulgar Empire. 1159 Serbian empire. 1389 Ottoman. 1699 Austria(E,N)/Venice(S,W). 19C Eastern Question. Albania. Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Greece. Macedonia. Montenegro. Romania. Serbia. Slovenia. Yugoslavia.

Bangladesh. c200BC Maurya. 4C BC Gupta. 8C Buddhist(E). 12C Hindu. 13C Turk. 1576-Mogul. 1857 Britain. 1947 = East Pakistan. 1971 Independent = Bangladesh.

Basil, St. 330-79. Founder of Basilians...Greek Orthodox Church.

Bassein, Treaty. 1802. Indian alliance with British East India Company leads to second Maratha War.

Belloc, Hilaire. 1870-1953. French/English writer: Bad Child’s Book of Beasts 1896. Cautionary Tales 1907.

Breasted, James. 1865-1935. US Egyptologist. Ancient Records 1906.

British East Africa. 1888. Former protectorates. Kenya, Uganda, Zanzibar, Tanganyika.

British East India Company. 1600-1858. For trade with Asia. Took political control.

Bronze Age. 3500-500BC. First uses of metal for arms and tools. Began in Near East. Society more structured. Specialization begins. Iron Age.

310 more results ...