Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

Uxmal. c600. Mayan city. Abandoned 1450. Mayapan.

Valla, Lorenzo. 1407-57. Italian Humanist scholar. Exposed Donation of Constantine, 1440.

Victorian style. 19C. Neo-Gothic architecture. London Houses of Parliament.

Virginia Company. London. 1606-24. To colonize North America. Founded Jamestown 1607.

Walker, George. 1618-90. Hero of siege of Londonderry, 1688.

Watling Street. Roman road from London to NW England. Part still in use.

Webb, Sidney. 1859-1947. Beatrice. 1858-1943. British Fabian Socialists. Founded London School of Economics, New Statesman 1913.

Whittington, Richard. 1358-1423. London Lord Mayor. Legend of merchant selling his cat for fortune to rat- plagued Moroccan ruler, he marries merchant’s daughter, becomes Lord Mayor.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wyat’s Insurrection. 1554. Failed march on London vs Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain. Wyat (son of Thomas Wyat) beheaded.

Yeomen of the Guard. 1485 British Monarch’s bodyguard. Beef Eaters, Yeoman Warders of the Tower of London, 1669-.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zinoviev Letter. 1924. From COMINTERN to London advising worker revolution. Labour defeated.

Albert, Prince Consort. 1819-1861. Married Queen Victoria, 1840. Responsible for International exhibitions 1851, 62. Moderated Trent Affair.

Amistad Affair. 1841. Slaves mutiny on Spanish ship. Sail to US. Declared free by US court.

Brinvilliers, Marie. 1630-76. French poisoner, beheaded. Poisons Affair.

Cagliorosto. 1743-95. Italian charlatan in Louis XIV court. Diamond Necklace Affair.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Clinton, William J. 1946- US president 1993-2001. Impeached, acquitted over Lewinsky affair. Signed NAFTA. Raised taxes.

Daily Telegraph Affair. 1908. Unauthorized interview of Kaiser causes protests in Germany.

Diamond Necklace Affair. 1785. Necklace bought for Marie Antionette; not paid for. French Revolution.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Independents. Separatists. 17C English Christian sects believing that congregation should control its own affairs. Congregationalism. Puritans.

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