Reinsurance Treaty. 1887-90. Secret Russian-German pledge of non-intervention.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Restitution, Edict. 1629. HRE restores lands to Roman Catholic Church taken by Protestants since 1552.

Reuchlin, Johannes. 1455-1522. German. Christian. Created Hebrew grammar.

Reuter, Paul. 1816-99. German telegraphic press pioneer, 1851. Pigeon post 1850.

Revolutions of 1848. Vienna, Prague, Venice. Romanticism, economic problems, bad harvest, unrest within Austrian Empire led to concessions, abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I.

Rhaetia. Roman alpine province conquered 15BC.

Rhee, Syngman. 1875-1965. First South Korean president 1948-60. Campaigned for Independence from Japan.

Rhine, Confederation of. 1806-13. Bavaria and German states with constitution in French model.

Rhineland. German Rhine bank. Hitler defied Treaty of Versailles by militarizing area 1936.

Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.

Rhys, Ernest. 1859-1946. Welsh writer. Edited 983-volume Everyman’s Library series 1906-.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Richler, Mordecai. 1931-2001. Canadian novelist of human dilemmas. Duddy Kravitz 1959.

Richthofen, Manfred von. 1892-1918. WWI German air ace. Downed 80 Allied planes.

Ricimer. -472. Roman general. Defeated Vandals, deposed Emperor.

Riehl, Wilhelm. 1823-97. German writer/historian.

Ritter, Carl. 1779-1859. German founder of scientific geography.

Ritter, Johann. 1776-1810. Polish/German discoverer of UV light.

Robert II. 1054-1134. Duke of Normandy 1087-1106. Son of William I. Led First Crusade.

Robert Guiscard. 1015-85. Norman. Conquered and founded Two Sicilies.

Rochambeau, Comte de. 1725-1807. French commander, aided in American Revolution.

Rockwell, Norman. 1894-1978. US realistic painter of homey scenes. Saturday Evening Post covers.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

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