O’Neill, Eugene. 1888-1953. US playwright: Iceman Cometh 1946. Long Day’s Journey into Night 1956.

Oppenheimer, Robert. 1904-67. US atomic scientist. Led Manhattan Project.

Ops. Roman goddess of harvest, fertility. = Rhea.

Oradour-sur-Glane. 1944. Germans kill residents, burn town. 10 survivors of 652.

Orcus. Roman god of underworld and dead. = Hades.

Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Orff, Carl. 1895-1982. Modern German composer. Straightforward. Carmina Burana 1936.

Orsini. 12C-. Influential Roman family. Popes Celestine III, Nicholas III, Benedict XIII.

Osman I. 1258-1326. Turkish founder of Ottoman Empire 1299. Conquered Byzantium.

Ostrogoths. Germanic peoples. 3C Ukraine kingdom. 406 kingdom in Italy. 370 conquered by Huns. 493 conquered Italy. 555 dispersed by Justinian. Goths.

Otakar II. -1278. King of Bohemia 1252-. Killed at Dürnkrut opposing HRE Rudolf I.

Otto I. 1815-67. German king of Greece 1832-62. Selected by London Conference. Deposed. Wittelsbach.

Overlord, Operation. = Normandy Invasion.

Ovid. 43BC-17 AD. Roman poet: Art of Love. Tristia. Metamorphoses.

Oxford Group. 1921- Early form of Buchmanism stressing group confessions.

Padilla, Juan de. 1490-1521. Spanish revolutionary. Led Communeros vs Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Executed.

Palais de la Bourse. 1808-1907. First public stock exchange 1724 was in Mazarin Mansion.

Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

Paleologus. Byzantine dynasty 1259-1453. Ousted crusader kings. Defeated by Turks.

Palestine. Holy land of Jews, Christians, Moslems. 2100BC Amorites invade. 18C BC Hyksos. 16C Hebrews settle. 1500 Egypt. 142 Maccabees. 63BC Rome...5C Byzantine. 614 Persia. 640 Moslem. 1099 Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1291 Mameluk. 16C Ottoman. 1917 Britain. 1920 British under League of Nations mandate. 1947 Partition, Independent Israel.

Palladian. Classical Roman British architecture. 1615-35 and 1715-60. Inigo Jones. Palladio.

Palladio, Andrea. 1508-80. Italian architect. Reintroduced Roman symmetry and proportion to Venetian villas. Suspension Bridge 1550. Architecture 1570.

Pan. Greek god of fertility and nature. Inventor of shepherd’s flute. Half man half goat. =Faunus.

Pan-Germanism. 1894-1945. German nationalist movement. Nazism.

Pandit, Vijaya. 1900-90. Fought for Indian independence. First woman president of UN General Assembly 1953-4. Nehru’s Sister.

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