Hesse, Hermann. 1877-1962. German/Swiss writer of psychological, mystical. Siddharta 1922. Steppenwolf 1927. Magister Ludi 1943.

Hessians. German mercenaries fighting for Britain in American Revolution.

Hickock, James (Wild Bill). 1837-76. US frontier lawman.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

Hindemith, Paul. 1895-1963. German Gebrauchmusik movement composer. Music as social expression.

Hindenburg. German zeppelin, explodes 1937 in New Jersey, kills 36.

Hindenburg Line. 1917. German army’s Western Front. Breached 1918.

Hinduism. c 1500BC-. Indian religion. Cycles of life, death, reincarnation. Release by enlightenment. Caste system. Vedas. Root of Buddhism, Jainism, many sects. Upanishads.

Hiram. 989-936BC. King of Tyre 969-. Helped build Soloman’s Temple of Jerusalem 950BC.

Hispania. Roman for Spain and Portugal.

Hitler, Adolf. 1889-1945. Austrian/German Nazi Chancellor 1933-, dictator 1934-. Expansionist policies led to WWII. Mein Kampf 1925.

Hoffmann, August. 1798-1874. German poet. Deutschland über alles 1841.

Hofmann, Hans. 1880-1966. German/US improvising painter. Influenced Abstract Expressionism.

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von. 1874-1929. Austrian poet, librettist. Elektra 1903.

Hohenstaufen. German dynasty. Ruled Holy Roman Empire 1138-1254. Welfs.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Hölderlin, Friedrich. 1770-1843. German classic Romantic poet. Elegies 1800.

Hollerith, Herman. 1860-1929. US founder of IBM. Punched cards for tabulation 1890.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Homo Sapiens. 350,000BC. Neanderthal.

Honecker, Erich. 1912-94. East German President 1971-89.

Hopkins, Gerald Manley. 1844-89. English poet.

Horace. 65-8BC. Roman poet: Odes, Satires.

Horatio. Roman hero. Stood alone vs Etruscan army.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

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