Bandaranaike, Sirimavo. 1916-2000. Ceylon Prime Minister 1960~77. World’s first woman Prime Minister.

Bandeira, Manuel. 1886-1968. Brazilian national poet. Carnival 1919.

Barbarossa, Operation. 1941. German invasion of USSR.

Barbès, Armand. 1809-70. French Republican.

Barnard, Christian. 1922-2001. South African surgeon-first human heart transplant 1967.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Barrier Treaties. 1709-15. Britain, HRE aid United Provinces vs Spain, France. Spanish Succession.

Baruch, Bernard. 1870-1965. US financier/elder statesman; adviser to US presidents, Churchill.

Basel, Peace. 1499. Holy Roman Empire grants Swiss independence.

Bauhaus. 1919-33. German art institute. ’Arts and sciences should cooperate in architecture’ -Gropius.

Bavaria. Celts. 15BC Rome. 488 Germanic tribes. 555 Franks. 788 Charlemagne...817 E Franks. 10C Duchy in HRE. 1180 Wittelsbach. 1805 Kingdom. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Republic. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Germany. 1949 W Germany.

Bayer, Johann. 1572-1625. German astronomer. Star charts, 1603, include magnitude Greek symbols.

Bayeux Tapestry. c1104. 70 meter illustration of Norman Conquest of England.

Beatrice. c1265-90. Florentine woman immortalized by Dante.

Bebel, August. 1840-1913. Founder of German Social Democrat Party.

Beckett, Samuel. 1906-89. English/Irish novelist, dramatist expressing man’s suffering: Waiting for Godot 1952. Endgame.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Behrens, Peter. 1868-1940. German modern architect. AEG Factory 1909.

Beirut. 20C BC Phoenicia. 15BC Rome. 635 Moslem. 1110 Crusaders. 1187 Saladin. 1516 Ottoman. 1291 Mameluk. 1920 Capital of Lebanon. 1975-90 Lebanese Civil War.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Bell Book and Candle. Roman Catholic excommunication.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Bellini, Vincenzo. 1801-35. Italian Romantic opera composer. Norma 1831.

Bellona. Roman goddess of war. Mars’ sister.

Belsen. 1933-45. Nazi concentration camp. Commandant Kramer executed.

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