Buchanan, James. 1791-1868. US President 1857-61. Compromise policy failed to avert civil war.

Bucharest, Treaty. 1812. Ended Russo-Turkish War. 1886. Serbia restores Rumelia to Bulgaria. 1913. Settled 2nd Balkan War. 1918. Romania capitulates to Central Powers. Voided by Allied victory.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Buchman, Frank. 1878-1961. English founder of Buchmanism.

Bucket Shop. Brokerage house that attempted to profit by delaying placing orders. Now illegal.

Buckingham Palace. 1703. Rebuilt by Nash 1825. London residence of British sovereigns since 1837.

Buddha. c566-486BC. Gautama, Siddhartha. Indian prince, Buddhism founder.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Buffon, Georges. 1707-88. Naturalist, founded Botanical Gardens, Paris. 36 vol Natural History 1753.

Buffons, War of. 1752. Paris intellectuals debate Italian vs French opera. Rousseau.

Buganda.19C African kingdom. 1890s Britain. 1962 Independent under Uganda. 1966 Uganda.

Buisson, Ferdinand. 1841-1932. French educator. Founded League of Human Rights 1898.

Bulgaria. Balkans. 7C Bulgar Empire. 1018 Byzantine. 1185 2nd Bulgar Empire. 1396 Ottoman. 1878. Independent kingdom. 1946 People’s Republic. 1991Republic.

Bulge, Battle. 1945. Last German offensive on the Western Front at Ardennes. WWII.

Bull Run, Battles. 1861,2. Confederate victories.

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

Bundestag. Lower House of German Parliament 1949-. Elects Chancellor.

Burgundy. 5C BC Rome. 5C Burgundians settle. 534 Merovingian. 843 divided; W=duchy. 1016 France 1364 Independent duchy. 1477 France(W)/Hapsburg(E).

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Burkina Faso. (Upper Volta). 11C Bobo. 14C Mossi(E)/Gourma(C)...Kingdoms of Yatanga, Ouagadouga. 1895(E)/97(C) French protectorate. 1904 French Sudan. 1919 French colony. 1932-47 Divided Ivory Coast/Niger/French Sudan. 1948 French Territory. 1960 Independent. 1984 =Burkina Faso.

Burma Campaign. 1942-5. British rout Japanese invaders.

Burr, Aaron. 1756-1836. US VP 1801-5. Tied in presidential election with Jefferson. Killed Hamilton in duel 1804. Acquitted of treason 1807.

Burschenschaften. 1815-19. Militant student societies seeking united Germany.

Burundi. Ruanda Urundi. 1962 Independent kingdom. 1966 Republic.

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