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Valdemar I. 1131-82. King of Denmark 1157-. Conquered Norway. Allied with Sweden, France, Holy Roman Empire.
Valdemar IV. Atterdag. 1320-75. Danish king 1340-. Re-united Denmark. Opposed Hanseatic League. Sold Estonia to Teutonic Knights.
Valdivia, Pedro de. 1498-1554. Spanish conqueror of Chile, 1450. Founded Santiago.
Valentine, St. c270. 2 Christians martyred by Claudius II. Modern celebration derives from Roman Lupercalia fertility festival.
Valmy, Battle. 1792. French revolutionaries defeat Austria-Prussia invasion.
Van Buren, Martin. 1782-1862. US president 1837-41. Independent treasury, US neutrality. Barnburner. Called “Little Magician” for his political dexterity.
Van de Graaff, Robert. 1901-67. US physicist. Particle accelerator 1929. High voltage generator 1932.
Vandals. Germans fleeing Huns, invaded Gaul, Spain 409 and Africa 429-534. Sacked Rome 455. Arians, persecuted other Christians. Routed by Byzantines 533.
Vanderbilt. 19C US Railroad magnate family. Founded university.
Vanderlyn, John. 1775-1852. US Neoclassical artist. Ariadne 1812.
Vanuatu. New Hebrides. 1980 Independent.
Vargas, Getúlio. 1883-1954. Dictatorial Brazilian president by revolution 1930-45, 51-. Modernization.
Varna, Battles. 1444 Ottoman Turks defeat Hungarians, expand to Balkans. 1828 Russians defeat Turks.
Vasa. 1628. Swedish warship sank in harbour before maiden voyage.
Vassal. Feudal holder of a fief in exchange for services.
Vatican. 1146 Palace begun. 1377 Principal Papal residence. 11,000 rooms; world’s largest residence. 1929 Sovereign. Lateran Treaty.
Vauban, Sébastien de. 1633-1707. French military engineer. Invented trenches 1673, socket bayonet 1688.
Vaucreuil, Cavagnal, Marquis de. 1698-1765. Governor of New France. Surrendered to Britain 1760. Seven Years War.
VE Day. May 7, 1945. Folowed German surrender signed May 7 in Reims.
Veche. 10C-1510. Russian democratic city council abolished by Mongols.
Vedanta. Philosophy of Hinduism from 6C BC Upanishads. Developed by Sankara 7C and Ramanuja 11C.
Vega Carpio, Lope Felix de. 1562-1635. “Father” of Spanish drama. 1800 plays. Italian form to Spanish poetry.
Velasco Agreement. 1835. Santa Anna grants Texas independence.