Banda, Hastings. c1902-97. Autocratic Malawi President 1963-. 1971- “President for Life”.

Bandeira, Manuel. 1886-1968. Brazilian national poet. Carnival 1919.

Bangladesh. c200BC Maurya. 4C BC Gupta. 8C Buddhist(E). 12C Hindu. 13C Turk. 1576-Mogul. 1857 Britain. 1947 = East Pakistan. 1971 Independent = Bangladesh.

Bannockburn, Battle. 1314. Scots defeat English, assuring independence. Robert the Bruce.

Banting, Frederick. 1891-1941. Canadian physician: discovered insulin with Best, MacLeod, 1921.

Banville, Théodore de. 1823-91. French Parnassian poet. Early Symbolist. Odes funambulesques 1857.

Baptism. Purification by water as practised by a wide variety of religions.

Bar, Confederation of. 1768-72. Polish RC nobles vs Russian hegemony.

Barbados. Arawak. 1518 Portugal discovers. 1627 English settle. 1966 Independent.

Barbara, St. c200. Maiden martyr at father’s hands, who was struck by lightning. Patron St. of artillerymen.

Barbuda. 1628 British Colony. 1680 Cordington family possession. 19C British Crown Colony. 1981 Independent Antigua and Barbuda.

Bardeen, John. 1908-91. US developer of transistor 1948 with Shockley. . BCS superconductivity 1957.

Barnabas, St. -61. Cyprus Christian. Founded church at Antioch.

Barnburners. 1842-54. US radical anti-slavery Democrats vs Hunkers.

Barons War. 1264-7. England. Led by Montfort vs Henry III’s spending. Evesham. Oxford Provisions. Ended by Marlborough Statute.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Barras, Paul. 1755-1829. French Directory founder. Led Army of Interior.

Barricades, Day of the. 1588. Paris. Catholic League rebels vs Henry III.

Barth, Karl. 1886-1968. Swiss Protestant theologian. Can only understand God through word of Christ.

Bartholdi, Frédéric. 1834-1904. French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty 1886.

Bartók, Bela. 1881-1945. Modern Hungarian Nationalist composer. Bridged Hungarian folk to Western music.

Bartolomeo, Fra. 1472-1517. Florentine master painter. High Renaissance Classical idealist. Lucca. Annunciation 1497.

Barton, Clara. 1821-1912. US Civil War nurse. Founded US Red Cross 1881.

Baruch, Bernard. 1870-1965. US financier/elder statesman; adviser to US presidents, Churchill.

Bärwalde, Treaty. 1631. French pay Swedes to fight Hapsburgs.

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