Oñate, Juan de. -1630. Spanish explorer of southwest US.

Oneida Community. 19C US Perfectionist religious commune founded by Noyes....Oneida silver co.

Open Door. 1900-39. US policy of equal trade rights with China.

Opium Wars. 1839-42 Hong Kong ceded to Britain. 1856-60. French, British force China to open trade, legalize opium. Demonstrated European weapon superiority. Nanking Treaty.

Ops. Roman goddess of harvest, fertility. = Rhea.

Oradour-sur-Glane. 1944. Germans kill residents, burn town. 10 survivors of 652.

Orange Free State. 1820 Boer colony. 1848 British. 1854 Independent. 1900 British. 1910 Union of South Africa. Boer War.

Oranges, War of. 1801. France and Spain defeat and divide Portugal.

Orcus. Roman god of underworld and dead. = Hades.

Ordeal, Trial by. -1219. English common form of trial. eg: fire, battle, dunking.

Oregon Question. 1818-46. Britain vs US on Canadian border. Treaty established 49°N 1846.

Orestes. Electra’s brother. Killed mother and her lover to avenge death of his father, Agamemnon.

Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Orff, Carl. 1895-1982. Modern German composer. Straightforward. Carmina Burana 1936.

Orléans, Gaston, duc d’. 1608-60. French prince vs Richelieu. Exiled 1632-2. Led Fronde.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Ormonde, Duke of. 1610-88. Irish Stuart supporter during Civil War.

Orpheus. Mythical Greek poet. Tamed animals with lyre. Music charmed underworld gods in bid to free wife.

Ortega y Gasset, José. 1883-1955. Spanish philosopher: Terra de Nuestra Tiempo 1923. Revolt of the Masses 1929.

Osama bin Laden. 1957-. Wahabi Saudi Arabian construction magnate turned terrorist. World Trade Center. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Oscar I. 1799-1859. King of Norway and Sweden 1844-. Liberal reforms.

Osceola. c1804-38. Seminole leader. Arrested at truce talks.

Osiris. Vegetation god who introduced civilization to Egypt. God of underworld.

Osman I. 1258-1326. Turkish founder of Ottoman Empire 1299. Conquered Byzantium.

Ottawa Conference. 1932. British Empire creates Imperial Preference during Depression.

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