Montcalm, Louis. 1712-59. French general killed defending Quebec against the English. Seven Years War.

Montecassino. 529. Oldest Benedictine Monastery.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Montespan, Mme de. 1641-1707. Mistress of Louis XIV, 1667-80. Poisons Affair.

Montesquieu, Charles. 1689-1755. French political philosopher. De l’esprit de lois 1748. Idea of separate executive/legislative branches of government adopted in US, France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1165-1218. French leader of crusade against Albigenses. Conquered south France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

Monticello. 1770. Federalist style Virginian estate of Jefferson.

Montpensier, Louise, Duchesse de. 1627-93. French princess. Led rebels in Fronde 1652.

Montrose Campaign. 1644-5. Scotland defeats England in Civil War.

Monts, Pierre du Ghast. 1568-1630. French explorer with Champlain. Founded Portugal Royal 1605.

Moore, G. E. 1873-1958. British Realist philosopher. Principia Ethica 1903. Ideal Utilitarianism.

Moors. Moslems of northwest Africa. Invaded Spain 711. Dominated to 11C. Surrendered Grenada 1492. Exterminated by Inquisition. Expelled from Spain 1492.

Morat, Battle. 1476. Swiss defeat Burgundy.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

Morelos, José. 1765-1815. Mexican priest, independence leader 1811-.

Moreno, Mariano. 1778-1811. Argentine revolutionary leader.

Morgarten, Battle. 1315. Swiss defeat Hapsburgs.

Moriscos. 1492-1614. Moors in Spain forcibly converted to Catholicism after Reconquista. Secretly remained Moslem. Revolted 1569. Deported 1609-14.

Mormons. 1830-. Latter Day Saints. Christian sect founded by Joseph Smith after divine revelation. Settled Utah. Founded Salt Lake City 1847.

Mornay, Philippe de. 1549-1623. French Huguenot leader in Wars of Religion, 1562-98. Reconciled Henry III, Henry of Navarre.

Morny, Charles, duc de. 1811-65. French coup organizer 1851 for Napoleon III.

Moro, Aldo. 1916-78. Italian Prime Minister 1963~76. Killed by left wing terrorist Red Brigade.

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