Limburg, Pol, Herman and Jehanequin. c1835-c1416. Dutch Gothic illuminators. Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry 1416.

Limon von Sanders, Otto. 1855-1929. German general. Led Turks at Galipoli.

Lin Piao. 1907-71. Chinese Communist. general, political leader. Died after coup attempt.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

Lincoln, Battle. 1217. Henry III defeats nobles supporting Louis VIII of France.

Lindos. c700-408BC. Major Rhodes city. Colonized Spain and Italy.

Linear A. 1700BC Undeciphered Cretan script.

Lithuania. 1238 Mindaugas unites. 1385 +Poland. 1569 Lublin Union under Poland. 1795 Prussia/ Russia. 1918 Independent. 1926 Smetona putsch. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Little America. Antarctic base founded by Byrd 1928.

Little Bighorn, Battle. 1876. Sitting Bull led Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer’s cavalry.

Little Entente. 1920-38. Economic, defensive alliance of Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia.

Liturgical Movement. 19-20C Christian church modernization of liturgy.

Liu Shao-ch’i. 1898-1969. Chinese head of state 1959-. Denounced 1966,8. Rehabilitated 1980.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Livonia. 9C Livs. 1237 Teutonic Knights. 1569 Lithuania/ Poland. 1660 Sweden. 1721 Russia. 1918 Estonia/ Latvia.

Livonian Knights. 1202-1561. German religious order to Christianize Baltic. Livonia.

Llull, Raimon. 1235-1316. Catalan Neoplatonic Idealist mystic poet, alchemist. Tried to convert Moslems. Felix 1288.

Llwelyn. Welsh prince, 1246-82. With Montfort in Barons War.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Locofoco Party. 1835-8. US anti-monopoly Democratic Party faction.

Lodi, Battle. 1796. Napoleon defeats Austria in Italy.

Loewe, Frederick. 1904-88. US composer; partner of Lerner.

Logos. Greek force of cosmic order and reason. Link between God and man. Philo.

Loisy, Alfred. 1857-1940. French Modernist religious scholar.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

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