Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Gabriel, Jacques-Ange. 1698-1782. French Architect: École Militaire 1752. Champ-de-Mars. Place de la Concorde 1755. Petit Trianon 1762.

Gadsden Purchase. 1853. US buys land from Mexico.

Gaea. (Gaia) Earth itself as a Greek goddess.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Gall, Franz. 1758-1828. Phrenology founder 1770.

Gallic Wars. 58-51BC. Julius Caesar conquers Gauls, last independent Celts on continent.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Gallon. 1707 Queen Anne’s wine gallon=US gallon (231 cubic inches). 1824 Imperial gallon defined as 10 pounds of water.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Galton, Francis. 1822-1911. English founder of Eugenics. Hereditary Genius 1869.

Galuppi, Baldassare. 1706-85. Italian. Developed opera buffa.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. c1746-86. Spanish Governor of Louisiana 1777-83. Viceroy of New Spain 1785-.

Gama, Vasco da. c1460-1524. Portuguese explorer who rounded Cape of Good Hope 1488. Captured Calicot, India, 1503.

Gambetta, Léon. 1838-82. French Third Republic leader.

Gambia, The. 1455 Portugal discovers. 1588 British settle. 17-18C French, British dispute. 1843 British Crown Colony. 1965 Independent. 1970 Republic.

Gang of Four. Chinese leaders, including Mao’s widow, convicted 1980 of Cultural Revolution abuses.

Garcia Iñiguez, Calixto. 1836-98. Cuban leader. Ten Years War. Spanish-American War.

Garcia Lorca, Federico. 1898-1936. Spanish poet, dramatist. Gypsy Ballads 1928.

Garfield, James. 1831-81. American Civil War general, US President 1881. Assassinated.

Garigliano, Battle. 1503. Spain defeats French invasion and wins Naples.

Garnerin, A-J. 1769-1823. French. First parachutist. Landed in Monceau park, Paris, 1797.

Garter, Order of. c1348. First Order of British Knighthood. Founded by Edward III. “Honi soit qui mal y pense”. Shame on him who thinks evil of it.

Gastein, Convention. 1865. Schleswig-Holstein divided between Prussia and Austria.

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