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Valhalla. Scandinavian banquet hall for slain warriors. Odin.
Valkyries. Sisters of Odin, choosers of the doomed in battle.
Valla, Lorenzo. 1407-57. Italian Humanist scholar. Exposed Donation of Constantine, 1440.
Vallee, Rudy. 1901-86. US. First pop music star.
Valmy, Battle. 1792. French revolutionaries defeat Austria-Prussia invasion.
Valois. 1328-1589. Second Capetian French dynasty. Tudor.
Van Buren, Martin. 1782-1862. US president 1837-41. Independent treasury, US neutrality. Barnburner. Called “Little Magician” for his political dexterity.
Van de Graaff, Robert. 1901-67. US physicist. Particle accelerator 1929. High voltage generator 1932.
Van Dyck, Anthony. 1599-1641. Flemish portrait painter. Subjects showed dignity, elegance. Charles I 1635.
Van Gogh, Vincent. 1853-90. Dutch expressionist painter. Passionate intensity revealed in colors. Sunflowers. Potato Eaters 1885. Starry Night 1889. Wheat Fields. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear 1889.
Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.
Vanbrugh, John. 1664-1726. English Restoration dramatist, Baroque architect: Castle Howard 1702. Blenheim Palace 1705.
Vandals. Germans fleeing Huns, invaded Gaul, Spain 409 and Africa 429-534. Sacked Rome 455. Arians, persecuted other Christians. Routed by Byzantines 533.
Vanderbilt. 19C US Railroad magnate family. Founded university.
Vanderlyn, John. 1775-1852. US Neoclassical artist. Ariadne 1812.
Vanuatu. New Hebrides. 1980 Independent.
Varangian Guard. 977-15C. Byzantine infantry recruited from Scandinavia and later England.
Varèse, Edgard. 1883-1965. French composer of dissonant electronic music. Hyperprism 1923.
Vargas, Getúlio. 1883-1954. Dictatorial Brazilian president by revolution 1930-45, 51-. Modernization.
Varna, Battles. 1444 Ottoman Turks defeat Hungarians, expand to Balkans. 1828 Russians defeat Turks.
Varro, Marcus. 116-27BC. Prolific Roman scholar, satirist. 600 books. “Know thyself”.
Vasa. 1523-1818. Swedish dynasty. Ruled Poland 1587-1668. Dominated 17C Baltic.
Vasa. 1628. Swedish warship sank in harbour before maiden voyage.