Sugar Act. 1764. British law to end sugar smuggling. A cause of American Revolution.

Suger. 1081-1151. French Abbot of St-Denis, royal adviser. Rebuilt abbey, initiating Gothic style.

Suharto. 1921-. Indonesian president. 1967-. Brutally repressed communist coup 1965.

Sukarno. 1901-70. Indonesian nationalist leader, president 1949-67. Sought communist ties. Authoritative ‘guided democracy’.

Suleiman I. The Magnificent. 1494-1566. Ottoman sultan 1520-. Expanded Empire to Yugoslavia, Hungary, Greece. Besieged Vienna. Cultural expansion. Barbarossa II.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sullivan, Arthur. 1842-1900. British composer. Operetta form. Mikado 1885. HMS Pinafore 1878. Onward Christian Soldiers. Gilbert.

Sully, duc de. 1560-1641. French Finance minister to Henry IV. Helped rebuild France after Wars of Religion.

Sully, Maurice de. 1120-96. Bishop; built Notre-Dame Cathedral, 1159-.

Sully-Prudhomme. 1839-1907. French Parnassian philosophical poet.

Sultan. Islamic spiritual and political leader.

Sumatra. 7C Hindu kingdom. 11C Srijava kingdom. 1509 Portugal settle.16C British, Dutch dispute. 19C Dutch colony. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1950 Indonesia.

Sumerians. c6000-2000BC Civilization in Tigris-Euphrates valley. First writing system. First legal code. Akkad. Ur.

Summit Conferences. Cold War phenomenon involving meetings of heads of state. Geneva Conference.

Sumner, Charles. 1811-74. US Abolitionist senator. Urged Johnson impeachment.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Sun Yat-sen. 1866-1925. Chinese revolutionary humanitarian. Failed revolts 1895, 1913. President 1911-12, 23-25. Organized Kuomintang.

Sunday School. 1580 Milan. 1780 England. 1786 Virginia. Raikes.

Sunderland, Earl of. 1674-1722. British Whig minister. South Sea National Debt scheme.

Sung. 960-1279. Chinese dynasty. Reform, prosperity, culture, movable type, paper currency.

Sunni. Majority orthodox Moslem sect who follow Sunnah, traditional legal, social practices. Shi’ite.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Supreme Being, Cult of. 1794. French Revolution. Robespierre. Cult of Reason.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Surinam. 1499 Spain discovers. 1651 British settle. 1667 =Dutch Guiana. 1680s Slaves brought 1948 = Surinam. 1975 Independent.

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