Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Poland, Partitions of. 1772 Russia, Prussia, Austria take a third each. 1793 Russia, Prussia invade to restore conservative rule. 1795 After revolt, Austria, Prussia, Russia. divide remainder.

Pole, Edmund de la. 1472-1513. Yorkist claimant to British throne. Beheaded.

Pole, John de la. c1464-91/2. Yorkist claimant to British throne. Killed in battle.

Pole, Reginald. 1500-58. Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposed Reformation.

Polignac, Auguste de. 1780-1847. French minister to Charles X. Disolved Chamber of Deputies, causing July Revolution 1830.

Polish Corridor. 1919-39. Baltic territory dividing east Prussia from Germany. Nazis invade 1939.

Polish Succession, War of. 1733-38. Russia, Austria defeat Poland, France, Spain; place Augustus III on throne.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Polk, James. 1795-1849 US Democratic president 1845-. Oregon Question. Mexican War. “54°40' or fight”.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio del. 1431/2-98. Florentine bronze sculptor, painter. Pioneered dissection in anatomy. Hercules and Antaeus 1470s. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian 1475.

Pollock, Jackson. 1912-56. US abstract expressionist painter. Dripped paint on canvas.

Pol Pot. 1925-98. Cambodian Communist Khmer Rouge leader. Arrested 1997.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Polycleitus. 5C BC. Classical Greek sculptor. Proportion and rhythm. Spear Bearer.

Polycrates. -522BC. Samos tyrant c535-. Aided Persians vs Egypt.

Polyphemus. Cyclops blinded by Ulysses.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pombal, Marquês de. 1699-1782. Portuguese. Led reconstruction after 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Pomerania. Baltic area including Danzig. Independent duchy 11-17C.

Pompadour, Mme de. 1721-64. Louis XV’s intelligent, beautiful mistress. Built École Militaire. Sponsored Petit Trianon, Place de la Concorde.

Pompeii. Destroyed 79 by Vesuvius eruption. Rediscovered 1592.

Pompeius, Sextus. 67-35BC. Pompey’s son. Fought Caesar after father’s death.

Pompey. 106-48BC. Roman triumvir with Caesar and Crassus; defeated by Caesar.

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