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Motte and Bailey. (Mound and enclosure). Predominant form of castle 11-12C.
Moulin, Jean. 1899-1943. French patriot, founder of National Council of Resistance 1943. Tortured to death by Gestapo.
Moulin Rouge. 1889. Parisian music hall of Belle Epoque immortalized by Toulouse-Lautrec.
Mountain Meadows Massacre. 1857. Paiute Indians and Utah Mormons kill 137 Arkansas emigrants en route to California.
Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.
Mozambique. 1489 DaGama discovers. 1498 Portuguese colony. 1975 Independent People’s Republic.
Mozarabs. 8-11C. Christians who adopted Moslem language and culture in Spain but remained Catholic.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.
Muawiya. c602-680. Muhammad’s disciple, founded Umayyad dynasty.
Mufti. Moslem lawyers. Advise court in Islamic law.
Mugabe, Robert. 1924-. Rebel leader with Nkomo. First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe 1980-.
Mugwumps. 1884. US Republican reform faction. In England, politically neutral voters.
Muhammad. c570-632. Arabian founder of Islam, 622. Koran author by divine revelation, 610. United Arabs. Badr. Hijrah. Caliphate Empire.
Muhammad Ahmad. Founded Mahdism 1880.
Muhammad ’Ali Pasha. 1769-1849. Egyptian Viceroy 1805-48. Killed Mameluks. Aided Ottomans vs Greeks. Dynasty ruled Egypt to 1952.
Muhammadan Era. Began 622 AD, AH 0 of Islamic Calendar. Dates from Hijrah. Christian Era.
Muhlenberg. German/US family. Founded US Lutheranism 18-19C.
Mujahideen. 1978. Afghan guerilla militia. Supported by US vs Soviet occupation.
Mukden Incident. 1931. Japan takes over Manchuria on pretext of attempted railway sabotage.
Müller, Hermann. 1876-1931. German Weimar leader. Young Plan.
Müller, Paul. 1899-1965. Swiss chemist. DDT as insecticide 1939.
Mumford, Lewis. 1895-1990. US social critic. Must restore human moral values. The City in History 1961.
Munch, Edvard. 1863-1944. Norwegian painter. Expressive, symbolic, psychological. The Cry 1893.
Munda, Battle. 45BC. Caesar defeats Pompey in Spain to establish rule.