Gregory XI. 1329-78. Pope 1370-. Moved Papacy back to Rome from Avignon.

Gregory XIII. 1502-85. Pope 1572-. Gregorian calendar.

Grenada. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1651 French colony. 1763 English. 1876 Crown Colony. 1958 Fed of West Indies. 1967 Self-government. 1983 US invades to prevent Marxist insurrection.

Grenadier Guards. 1656.

Grenville, William. 1759-1834. British statesman. Ministry of All Talents 1806-7. Abolished Slave Trade, 1807.

Gresham, Thomas. 1519-79. English founder of Stock Exchange 1560. Gresham’s Law-“Bad money drives out good” (mistakenly attributed).

Gretna Green. 1754-1940. Scottish border village popular for runaway marriages.

Grey, Edward. 1862-1933. British statesman. Triple Alliance. Treaty of London.

Grey, Lady Jane. 1537-54. English Queen for 9 days, 1553. Executed.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Griffith, Arthur. 1872-1922. Founded Sinn Fein 1905. Irish President 1922.

Griffiths, D.W. 1875-1948. US filmmaker. First visual effects. Birth of a Nation 1915.

Grimaldi. 1297~. Ruling family of Monaco.

Grimké, Sarah and Angelina. 1792-1873; 1805-79. US feminists, abolitionists.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

Gringo. 1847. Mexican pejorative for American. From “Green grow the rushes, oh”, sung during Mexican War.

Griquas. Bastards. 19C Tribe of Hottentot-Boer half-castes.

Gris, Juan. 1887-1927. Spanish Cubist painter. Guitar, Book and Newspaper 1920.

Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

Grotefend, George. 1775-1853. German. Deciphered Cuneiform 1802. Behistun.

Grotius, Hugo. 1583-1645. Dutch jurist. Laws of War and Peace 1625.

Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guadalcanal. 1942-3. US drive Japanese from Solomon Is.

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