Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Goodyear, Charles. 1800-60. US. Vulcanized rubber, 1839.

Gorbachev, Mikhail. 1931-. Leader of USSR 1985-91. Major reforms. Glasnost. Perestroika.

Gorboduc. Legendary English king. Sackville.

Gordian Knot. Cut by Alexander in Phrygia 333BC.

Gordius. Mythical Greek peasant king of Phrygia.

Gordon, Charles. 1833-85. British colonial administrator in Sudan, China. Taiping Rebellion.

Gordon Riots. 1780. NoPopery Riots led by Lord Gordon to demand Catholic Relief Act repeal.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Gorgons. Three mythical Greek monsters. Medusa.

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

Gotham. English villagers, to avoid expense of entertaining King John, pretended to be fools.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gothic Art. 13C-. Church sculpture, illuminated manuscripts. Less idealized than Classical. Emotions portrayed.

Goths. Germanic people of S Scandinavia. Invaded Europe, 3-4C. Visigoths and Ostrogoths.

Gottfried von Strassbourg. 13C. German poet. Tristan and Isolde.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Goujon, Jean. 1510-68. French sculptor. Fontaine des Innocents 1548/9.

Gounod, Charles. 1818-93. French composer: Faust 1859.

Government of India Act. 1858. India Act.

Gowon, Yakubu. 1934-. Ruled Nigeria 1966-75. Defeated Biafra. Reunited country.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Gracchus, Tiberius. c163-133BC. Roman tribune 133, reformer. Killed in riot. Scipio.

Graces. Three beautiful attendants of Aphrodite. Aglaia, brightness. Euphrosyne, joy. Thalia, bloom.

Gramme, Zénobe. 1826-1901. Belgian inventor of the dynamo 1869.

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