Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Gaiseric. 390-477. Vandal and Alani King 428-. Conquered Roman Africa 429. Sacked Rome 455.

Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Galapagos. 1535 Berlanga discovers for Spain. 1832 Ecuador. 1835 Darwin visits.

Galbraith, John K. 1908-2006. Can/US Keynesian economist. Affluent Society 1958.

Galen. 129-c200. Greek doctor. Methods used 1000 years.

Galerius. -311. Roman Emperor of the East, 305-. Persecuted Christians. Edict of Tolerance, 311.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gall, Franz. 1758-1828. Phrenology founder 1770.

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Galle, Johann. 1812-1910. German. Discovered Neptune 1846.

Gallic Wars. 58-51BC. Julius Caesar conquers Gauls, last independent Celts on continent.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Gallipoli. 1915-16. Unsuccessful Allied attempt to secure Dardanelles from Turkey. Churchill resigns as Lord of Admiralty.

Gallon. 1707 Queen Anne’s wine gallon=US gallon (231 cubic inches). 1824 Imperial gallon defined as 10 pounds of water.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Galsworthy, John. 1867-1933. British writer. Forsythe Saga 1906-21.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Galton, Francis. 1822-1911. English founder of Eugenics. Hereditary Genius 1869.

Galuppi, Baldassare. 1706-85. Italian. Developed opera buffa.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. c1746-86. Spanish Governor of Louisiana 1777-83. Viceroy of New Spain 1785-.

Gama, Vasco da. c1460-1524. Portuguese explorer who rounded Cape of Good Hope 1488. Captured Calicot, India, 1503.

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