Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Randolph, A. Philip. 1889-1979. US black civil rights/labor leader. March on Washington 1963.

Randolph, Peyton. 1721-75. American Revolutionary, first president of Continental Congress 1774.

Rastatt, Congress of. 1713. After War of Spanish Succession, Holy Roman Empire renounces claim to Spanish throne. 1797-9. Failed at peace between France and HRE.

Ravel, Maurice. 1875-1937. French Impressionist composer. Adopted new forms such as jazz and atonality. Boléro 1928.

Read, Herbert. 1893-1968. English critic, poet: Art and Society 1936.

Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

Reed, Walter. 1851-1902. Discovered, 1900, connection between Yellow Fever and mosquito, control of which allowed the Panama Canal to be built.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Regency. England. 1811-20. George, Prince of Wales ruled for insane father, George III.

Registers, Parish. 1308 France. 1538 England.

Reich, Wilhelm. 1897-1957. German/US psychiatrist. Theory of Orgone, a force which permeates the body and is released by orgasm.

Reichstag. Ruling body of HRE and German states. = Imperial Diet.

Reis, Philip. 1834-74. Invented and demonstrated telephone 1861. Coined telephony. Bell.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Religion, Wars of. 1562-1598. Eight French wars between Catholics and Protestants. Ended by Edict of Nantes. Sully. Mornay. Three Henrys War.

Rembrandt van Rijn. 1606-69. Dutch painter of bold realism. Chiaroscuro. Engraver. Antomy Lesson 1632. Night Watch 1642.

Renaissance Architecture. Italy 15C-. England 1558-1702. Intellectual search for harmony with Roman and mathematical proportions. Michelangelo. Bramante. Brunelleschi. Manetti.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Renart, le Roman de. Group of French adventure romances written in the 12-13C.

Reni, Guido. 1575-1642. Italian Baroque painter. Aurora and the Hours 1613.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Representation of the People Acts. England. 1918 Women over 30 and men over 21 enfranchised. 1928 Women over 21. 1948 Plural voting abolished. 1969 Age of majority reduced to 18. Reform Bills.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

Restitution, Edict. 1629. HRE restores lands to Roman Catholic Church taken by Protestants since 1552.

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