Philby, Kim. 1912-88. British/Soviet double agent 1933-51. Escaped to USSR 1963. My Secret War 1968.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Phillips, Wendell. 1811-84. US abolitionist, women’s suffrage, prohibition crusader.

Philopappus. Syrian prince. Roman consul. Monument faces on Acropolis.

Phoenix Park Murders. 1882. British Secretary and Undersecretary of Ireland killed by terrorists.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Piaget, Jean. 1896-1980. Swiss psychologist. Child development in four stages: sensorimotor, symbolic, concrete, logical.

Picts. Inhabitants of Scotland. Repelled Romans. Subdued by MacAlpin 843 creating Alban.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pius IX. 1792-1878. Pope 1846-. Longest reign. Defined Immaculate Conception 1854 Papal Infallibility. Syllabus Errorum 1864 criticized Liberalism.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Plotinus. 205-270. Greek philosopher. His Neoplatonism influenced Islam, Christianity. Quest for Good through intelligence. “Creation is fall from God. Evil is the nature of man. Good is freedom from senses.”

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Polk, James. 1795-1849 US Democratic president 1845-. Oregon Question. Mexican War. “54°40' or fight”.

Polycrates. -522BC. Samos tyrant c535-. Aided Persians vs Egypt.

Pompey. 106-48BC. Roman triumvir with Caesar and Crassus; defeated by Caesar.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Popol Vuh. 16C manuscript on Mayan culture.

Portugal. Iberians, Celts. 5-4C BC Greek colony. c225BC Carthage(S). 2C BC Rome. 411 Suevi. 5C Visigoth. 711 Moor. 868 Christian(N). c1060 León. 1143 Independent kingdom. 1250 Moors expelled. 1500 +Brazil. 1580 Spain. 1640 Independent. 1820 Constitutional Monarchy. 1822 -Brazil. 1910 Republic. 1932 Salazar dictator. 1976 Democracy.

Potsdam Agreement. 1945. Truman, Stalin, Attlee agree to draw up peace treaties, reduce German industrialization, restore democracy in Europe after WWII. Outlawed Nazism. Divided Germany.

Pottawatomie Massacre. 1856. John Brown’s abolitionists kill 5 pro-slavery settlers.

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