Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Man, Isle of. 5C Celtic. 9C Norse. 800 Tynwald. 1266 Scotland...England. 1828 Crown possession.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Mannerheim Line. Eastern Finnish fortification. Crossed by Russians 1940.

Mannerism. 16C Exaggerated colorful painting style emphasizing craft, decorum. Palissy. Dürer. Cellini. Bruegel.

Marcos, Ferdinand. 1917-89. Autocratic Philippine president 1965-86.

María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martel, Édouard. 1859-1938. Creator of speleology.

Marx Brothers. Groucho 1890-1977. Harpo 1888-1964. Chico 1886-1961. Zeppo 1901-79. Gummo 1893-1977. US film comedians. Animal Crackers 1928. Duck Soup 1933.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Mathura. Indian city sacred to Hindu as birthplace of Krsna.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

Maximilian II. 1811-64. Bavarian king 1848-. Tried to create a Bavarian-led alliance. Opposed by Prussia, Austria.

May Demonstrations. 1968 Paris student uprising for more money to education, less to defence. General Strike brought 33% increase in minimum wage.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

McCrae, John. 1872-1918. Canadian physician/poet. In Flanders Fields.

Mencken, H.L. 1880-1956. US iconoclast critic. American Language. Prejudices 1919-27.

Menendez de Aviles, Pedro. 1519-74. Spanish colonist. Massacred Huguenots in Florida 1565.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Meredith, George. 1828-1909. English manners novelist. Intellectual, witty and poetic. Ordeal 1859. Egoist 1879. Dianna of the Crossways 1885.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

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