Abbaye Prison. Principal site of 1792 September Massacres.

Abd al-Mumin. 1094-1163. Founded Almohad Empire in north Africa and Spain. Massacred Almoravids.

Abercrombie, Patrick. 1879-1957. British architect: Greater London town plan, 1943.

Aberhart, William. 1878-1943. Canadian Social Credit advocate.

Achaean League. 5-4C BC. Greek towns in common defence against pirates in Gulf of Corinth. 280-146BC. Model for federal government. Created to fight Macedonia. Dissolved by Romans.

Acre. 1450BC- Egypt/ Assyria/ Persia/ Macedonia. 336BC Alexander...Egypt. 1C Rome. 614 Persia. 638 Moslem. 969 Egypt. 1079 Seljuk. 1099 Crusaders. 1104 Jerusalem. 1187 Saladin. 1191 Crusaders. 1291 Mameluks. 1517 Turks. 1918 British. 1948 Israel.

Acropolis. Elevated portion of Greek cities for protection and worship. Athens 2000BC.

Addled Parliament. 1614. England. Criticized James I; achieved nothing.

Adi Granth. Sacred Sikh scripture.

Adrian IV. c1100-59. Only English pope 1150-. Crowned Barbarossa.

Africanus Sextus. c180-250. Wrote chronology of World, Creation to 221 AD.

Agadir Crisis. 1911. French/German crisis by German manoevres off Morocco.

Aiken, Conrad. 1889-1973. US poet, short story writer. Silent Snow, Secret Snow 1934.

Aircraft Transport and Travel Ltd. 1916. World’s first airline, Britain.

Alamo. 1836. 200 Texan rebels die in siege vs Mexican Santa Anna. Crockett. Bowie.

Albania. Balkans. 3-5C Visigoth, Huns invade. 6-7C Bulgars, Serbs, Slavs invade.12-15C Bulgar, Norman, Angevin, Serb, Venice contest.15C Ottoman. 1912 Independent republic. 1928 Monarchy (Zog). 1939 Italy occupies. 1945 Communist (Hoxha). 1961 Left Warsaw Pact. 1991 Democratic Constitution.

Albigenses. (Cathars). Southern French ascetic Neo-Manichean heretic Christian sect. Eliminated by 13th Crusade, 1208-1229 and Inquisition.

Alexander. 1888-1934. Yugoslav King, 1921-. United Serbs, Croats, Slovenes as Yugoslavia 1929. Assassinated.

Alexander II. 1818-81. Russian Czar 1855-. Emancipated serfs, 1861. Established elected assemblies, Zemstvo, settled Crimean War. Assassinated by Narodniki.

Alexander III. 1845-1894. Russian Czar 1881-. Established absolute rule using secret police. Temporary Rules. Franco-Russian Alliance.

Alexius I. 1048-1118. Byzantine Emperor 1081-. Restored empire. Requested aid. First Crusade.

Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798-1800/02. US fear French Revolution. Forbade criticism of government. Abused by Federalists vs Republicans.

Alma, Battle. 1854 Crimean War. French and British defeat Russians at Sebastapol.

Amboina Massacre. 1623. 20 British and Japanese merchants executed by Dutch for plotting overthrow.

Amboise Conspiracy. 1560. Failed Huguenot plot to kidnap French king. Led to massacre of 1200 Huguenots.

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