Malaparte, Curzio. 1898-1957. Italian Fascist writer. Coup d’Etat 1931.

Mobutu Sese Seko. 1930-97. President of Zaire 1971- by coup.

Morny, Charles, duc de. 1811-65. French coup organizer 1851 for Napoleon III.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Myanmar. (Burma). Pyu. Mons. 849 Pagan kingdom. 1287 Mongol. 1303-1605 Split. 1852(S)/1886(N) British under India. 1948 Independent. 1974 Socialist republic. 1988 Military coup, dictatorship. 1989 = Myanmar. 1990 elections nullified. Suu Kyi.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Nasser, Abdel. 1918-70. Egypt. Led coup vs Farouk 1952. Prime Minister 1954-6, president 1956-8. UAR president 1958-. Modernized. Suez Crisis.

Ngo Dinh Diem. 1901-63. Repressive anti-communist. First President of South Vietnam 1954-. Killed in coup.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Pahlavi, Reza Shah. 1877-1944. Army officer. Led coup over Kajar dynasty 1925. Shah of Iran 1925-41.

Park Chung Hee. 1917-79. South Korean president. 1963-79 by 1961 coup. Economic growth.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Primo de Rivera, Miguel. 1879-1930. Spanish fascist dictator 1923- by coup. Ended Moroccan War 1927.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Seebeck, Thomas. 1770-1831. Russian. Invented thermocouple, 1822.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Stamboliyski, Aleksandur. 1879-1923. Bulgarian Prime Minister, Dictator 1919-. Killed in right-wing coup.

Suharto. 1921-. Indonesian president. 1967-. Brutally repressed communist coup 1965.

Tallien, Jean. 1767-1820. French Jacobin. Led Rebellion of 9 Thermidor.

Thailand. c1220 Kingdom. 1350 Ayutthaya dynasty. 1584 Independent = Siam. 1767 Burma invades. 1782 Chakkri dynasty. 1893 East ceded to France. 1932 Coup, Constitutional Monarchy. 1939 = Thailand. 1941-45 Japanese occupy. Military coups 1957,58,63,71,73,76,81.

Thermidor, Coup of 9. 1794. French moderatism after Terror. Directory. Robespierre executed. Jacobins persecuted.

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