Honduras.<6000BC Inhabited. 4C Mayan. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1524 Spanish settle. 16C Slaves brought. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic. >100 coups.

Humanism. 14C-. Philosophy. Mankind at the center of consciousness. Mankind can live ethically without recourse to the supernatural. Belief in personal worth of individual. Rational, creative. Petrarch.

Hundred Years War. 1337~1453. English defend claims to French throne. Crécy. Poitiers. Agincourt. Joan of Arc. English driven from continent, except Calais.

ICFTU. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 1949. Split from WFTU. Represents 70M workers in 89 countries. IFTU.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Idris I. 1890-1983. First Libyan king 1951-69. Coup.

Immigration Laws. 1852. US bars Chinese. 1900 Japanese. 1921- set quotas by country of origin.

Imperial Conferences. 1907-37. Meetings of British Empire/Commonwealth countries.

Indian Councils Act. 1909. British create an Indian representative legislature.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Innocent II. -1143. Pope 1130-. Fled Rome, 1130-8. Lateran Council.

Inns of Court. British apprenticeship and appointment of barristers. Temple, Lincoln 13C. Gray’s 1295. Inner 1326. Middle 1404. 1443-1876 Serjeant’s.

International Court of Justice. 1945-. UN appointed body to settle International disputes. World Court.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Irish Partition. 1921. Irish Free State established; 6 NE counties elect to stay British.

Jacquemart de Hesdin. Court painter: Grandes Heures du Duc de Berry 1409.

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi. 1207-73. Persian Sufi poet. Founded Whirling Dervishes. Spiritual Couplets.

Jennings, Sarah. 1660-1744. Influential Duchess of Marlborough in court of Queen Anne.

Jerusalem, Council. 50. Exempted Gentiles from Mosaic Law, circumcision.

John XX. Non-existent pope due to miscount by John XXI.

Juan Carlos I. 1938-. Spanish king 1975-. Son of Carlist pretender Don Juan. Withstood coup, 1981.

Judicial. Branch of US government. Supreme and lower courts can invalidate Acts of Congress.

Junta. Emergency administrative council. Often after an overthrow of existing government.

K’ang-hsi. 1654-1722. Chinese Emperor 1661-. Expanded China. Encouraged western science education.

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