Stamp Act Congress. 1765. Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances vs “taxation without representation”. American Revolution.

Stanley, Henry. 1841-1904. British/US explorer in Africa 1868-95. Found Livingstone 1871. Founded Congo Free State.

Stendhal. 1783-1842. French historical novelist of psychological insight. le Rouge et le Noir 1830.

Steuben, Baron von. 1730-94. Prussian general. Trained, organized American Revolution army 1778-.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Suffolk Resolves. 1774. American colonists pledge disobedience to Intolerable Acts. End trade with Britain.

Sugar Act. 1764. British law to end sugar smuggling. A cause of American Revolution.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Swahili. Bantu people and language of Central Africa.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Swaziland.16C Bantu...19C Swazi. 1881 Independence guaranteed. 1894 South African protectorate. 1902 British protectorate. 1968 Independent kingdom.

Tacna-Arica Controversy. 1883-1929. Chile, Peru argue over provinces after War of Pacific.

Tanganyika. Bantu. 18C Masai. 18-19C Slave source. 1871 Stanley, Livingstone. German East Africa. 1919 British mandate = Tanganyika. 1946 United Nations Trust. 1961 Independent. 1962 Republic. 1964 +Zanzibar=Tanzania. Nyerere.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Tecumseh. 1768-1813. American Shawnee Indian chief. Fought US in War of 1812.

Telstar. 1962. First satellite TV between North America, Europe. First public telephone by satellite.

Thapsus, Battle. 46BC. Caesar defeats Scipio and Pompey’s supporters in north Africa securing dictatorship.

Theiler, Max. 1899-1972. South African/US scientist. Yellow fever vaccine.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thorfinn Karlsefni. Failed attempt to establish Icelandic colony in North America c1004.

Thucydides. 5C BC. Greek historian of Peloponnesian Wars. Objective historical science.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1805-59. French liberal historian. Democracy in America 1835. Dangers of Democracy.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Torch, Operation. 1942-3. Anglo-US operations in French NW Africa. Vichy France calls for Axis support in Tunis.

Tordesillas, Treaties. 1494. Spain, Portugal divide colonies in America and East according to Demarcation Bull of Alexander VI. Spain west, Portugal east of 48.5°W.

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