Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Scott, Walter. 1771-1832. Prolific Scottish Romantic historical novelist. Lady of the Lake 1810; Waverley 1814; Ivanhoe 1819.

Shamanism. Ancestral religion in Asia, N America. Shamans heal sick, talk to gods.

Shawnee. American Indians from Ohio defeated at Tippecanoe. Resettled in Oklahoma.

Shenandoah. Site of American Civil War battles 1861-5.

Shepard, Alan. 1923-98. First American in space 1961.

Sherman, William. 1820-91. American Civil War general. -“War is hell”.

Shiloh, Battle. 1862. Second American Civil War battle. No clear victor.

Shot Heard Around the World. 1775. Battle of Lexington and Concord beginning American Revolution.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Sioux. Popular name for Dakota Confederation of American Indian tribes. Little Bighorn. Wounded Knee.

Skelton, John. c1460-1529. English satirical poet. Tutor, adviser to Henry VIII.

Slater, Samuel. 1768-1835. English/US. First American textile factory. Duplicated Arkwright spinning machines 1793.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Smuts, Jan. 1870-1950. Boer general, Prime Minister of South Africa 1919~48.

Songhai. 15-16C. West African trading empire.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

South West Africa. German South-West Africa. Namibia.

Soweto. 1976 Violent riots in Black South Africa township over compulsory Afrikaans in schools. 236-600 dead.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spanish American War. 1898. US supports Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Gains Cuba, Guam, Philippines for $20M, Puerto Rico. Roosevelt. Maine.

Spanish Main. 16C. Buccaneer haven. North coast of South America.

Squanto. -1622. American Indian friend of Plymouth Pilgrims.

Stamp Act. 1765. British tax on newspapers and legal documents. A cause of American Revolution. Stamp Act Congress.

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