Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Cheever, John. 1912-82. US writer of middle-class America. Wapshot Chronicle 1957.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Cheyenne. American Plains Indians.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. 1850-1901. US-British agree not to colonize Central America. Panama Canal.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Columbus, Christopher. 1446-1506. Genoese navigator for Spain. Discovered America, 1492. Pinzon.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Confederacy. 1861-5. Rebel US government in American Civil War.

Congo. 1482 Portugal explore. 1880 French settle(N). 1885 Belgium(S). 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 =Democratic Republic of Congo. Mobutu.

Conquistadors. Spanish conquerors in America.

Continental Army. 1775-81. American Revolution army under George Washington.

Continental System. 1806-12. Napoleon’s European embargo vs Britain. Russian refusal led to 1812 Campaign. British retaliation led to Anglo-American War 1812.

Cornwallis, Charles. 1738-1805. British General. Ended American Revolution by surrender at Yorktown.

Cotton Famine. 1861-5. English depression due to supply cut-off during American Civil War.

Coulomb, Charles de. 1736-1806. French naval engineer, defined unit of electricity. Electrical attraction 1785.

Crédit Mobilier of America. 1865-72. Scandal involving illegal profits, graft in Union Pacific Railroad construction.

Creole. 16-18C White person born in America of Spanish parents. Now varied meanings.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cyrano de Bergerac. 1619-65. French large nosed satirical writer. La Mort d’Agrippine 1654.

Darlan, François. 1881-1942. French admiral. Built navy 1933-40. Collaborated with Germany, 1941-2, then Americans. Assassinated.

Daughters of the American Revolution. 1890-. Patriotic organization of revolutionaries’ descendants.

Daumier, Honore. 1808-79. French Realist painter and engraver. Political caricaturist.

Davis, Jefferson. 1808-89. US Confederate president during Civil War.

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