Soult, Nicolas. 1769-1851. French chief of staff at Waterloo, Ulm, Austerlitz.

Sousa, John Philip. 1854-1932. US march composer.

Sousa, Martin de. 1500-64. First Portuguese colony in Brazil 1532.

South Sea Bubble. 1711-20. England sold trade monopolies to reduce National Debt. Their resale at speculative prices led to financial ruin for thousands. George I implicated. Walpole.

South West Africa. German South-West Africa. Namibia.

Southampton. 4th earl. 1606-67. Royalist adviser, treasurer 1660-7.

Sovereign. 1503-1917. English coin worth 22s6d, later 10s, 11s, £1.

Soviet. Basic governing body of USSR. Legislative +executive functions from local to national.

Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Soweto. 1976 Violent riots in Black South Africa township over compulsory Afrikaans in schools. 236-600 dead.

Spaak, Paul. 1899-1972. Belgian Prime Minister. First President of UN General assembly. EEC, Benelux, NATO.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spallanzani, Lazzaro. 1729-99. Ended the belief in spontaneous generation of life. Artificial insemination 1780.

Spance, Basil. 1907-76. British architect. New Coventry Cathedral 1951.

Spanish American War. 1898. US supports Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Gains Cuba, Guam, Philippines for $20M, Puerto Rico. Roosevelt. Maine.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Spanish Civil War. 1936-9. Germany and Italy aid Fascist Franco’s revolt against the Republic, which surrenders after 1M die. International Brigades. A cause of WWII. Guernica.

Spanish Main. 16C. Buccaneer haven. North coast of South America.

Spanish March. 801. Charlemagne in northeast Spain.

Spanish Marriages, Affair of. 1846. Isabella’s sister, heir marries French prince, despite Spanish assurances, causing English/French rift.

Spanish Netherlands. 1581-1714. = Belgium, Luxembourg.

Spanish Revolt. 1868-9.Military overthrows Isabella. Prim y Prats.

Spanish Riding School. 16C. Vienna. Lippizaner stallions.

Spanish Sahara. 1884 Protectorate. 1958 Spanish province. 1976 Mauritania/Morocco. Western Sahara.

Spanish Succession, War. 1701-14. Britain, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs Spain, France. Opposed French Philip V succession to Spanish throne creating power imbalance. Queen Anne’s War.

1364 more results ...