Schoenberg, Arnold. 1874-1951. Austrian/US pioneer of atonal twelve-note method-key to recent musical advances. Five Piano Pieces 1923.

Scholasticism. 11-14C. Christian movement to reconcile faith, reason. Anselm. Thomas Aquinas. Duns Scotus.

Schönbrunn, Peace. 1809. Austria lost land to France, Russia, Bavaria, Warsaw in Napoleonic Wars.

Schongauer, Martin. 1445/50-91. German Gothic engraver.

Schoolmen. Scholasticism.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Schrödinger, Erwin. 1887-1961. Austrian. Wave equation 1926.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schuman, Robert. 1886-1963. French Prime Minister 1947-8. 1950 plan to pool European resources led to EEC.

Schumann, Robert. 1810-56. German Romantic piano, choral composer. Lyrical works. Spring Symphony 1841. Rhenish Symphony 1850.

Schuschnigg, Kurt von. 1897-1977. Austrian Prime Minister 1934-38. Opposed German takeover. Imprisoned 1938-45.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Schwann, Theodor. 1810-82. German scientist. Isolated first enzyme from animal tissue 1836.

Schwarzenberg, Karl, Fürst zu. 1771-1820. Austrian. Commanded with Napoleon in Russia. Later led Allies vs Napoleon.

Schweitzer, Albert. 1875-1965. German medical missionary to Africa 1913-.

Scientology. 1955-. Religious/scientific movement founded by Hubbard.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio, Quintus. -46BC. Pompey’s Consul, defeated by Caesar.

Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Scipio Nasica Serapio. -132BC. Led mob that murdered Gracchus.

Scopas. 4C BC. Sculptor at Mausoleum, Temple of Artemis.

Scopes Trial. 1925. Scopes found guilty of teaching evolution in Tennessee high school. Bryan. Darrow.

Scotism. Philosophy of Duns Scotus.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

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