Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

Pedro I. 1798-1834. First Emperor of Brazil 1822-31. Declared independence from Portugal. = Pedro IV of Portugal.

Pedro II. 1648-1706. King of Portugal 1683-. Treaty of Lisbon.

Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Pedro V. 1837-61. Portugal. King 1853-. Ended slavery in territories 1858.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Peelites. 19C Free Trade Conservatives under Peel, Aberdeen.

Pegasus. Greek mythical winged horse.

Pei, I.M. 1917-. Chinese/US architect. Kennedy Airport 1960. Place Ville-Marie. Louvre Pyramid.

Peipus, Battle of Lake. 1242. Russians repel Livonian Knights’ attack on Novgorod.

Peirce, Charles. 1839-1914. US philosopher. Pragmatism. -“logic is keystone of all knowledge”.

Peisistratus. -527BC. Athenian Tyrant 560BC~. Attacked Ionia. Supported external trade, arts.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

Peking Man. 350,000BC. Homo Erectus fossil discovered 1927.

Peking Protocol. 1901-43. European powers control Peking. Boxer Rebellion indemnity to be paid.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Peleus. Mythical Greek king of Myrmidons. Achilles’ father.

Pelletier, P. J. 1788-1842. Discovered chlorophyll, 1817, with Caventou.

Pellico, Silvio. 1789-1854. Italian writer. My Prisons 1832.

Pelopidas. -364BC. Theban general. Defeated Sparta.

Peloponnesian League. 6C-366BC. Led by Sparta. Leuctra Battle.

Peloponnesian War. 460-445BC. Athens vs Peloponnesian League.

Peloponnesian War, Second. 431-404BC. Sparta defeats Athens, beginning Greek decline.

Pelops. Mythical Mycenaean king Tantalus served to gods as dinner.

Pemberton, John. 1831-88. US pharmacist. Coca Cola 1886.

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